兒童膝關節超音波解剖學隨年齡之變化

Age-related Sonoanatomical Change of the Knee in Children

楊舒媚(Shu-Mei Yang) ； 林家瑋(Chia-Wei Lin) ； 陳文翔(Wen-Shiang Chen)

《台灣復健醫學雜誌》 50卷2期 (2022/12) Pp. 135-144

https://doi.org/10.6315/TJPMR.202212_50(2).0006

摘要

超音波（ultrasound）在臨床與研究上，已經廣泛的使用於成人的肌肉骨骼軟組織疾病之診斷與治療。然而，由於小兒骨骼肌肉軟組織構造會隨著骨頭、軟骨、肌肉及軟組織發育過程而有系列性的改變，我們對不同年齡的小兒族群於上述構造之常模未定，因此肌肉骨骼軟組織超音波在小兒族群之應用仍有其限制。此篇文章之目的為蒐集不同年齡的小兒族群之膝關節超音波影像，提供小兒膝關節超音波掃描方式（如病人擺位、探頭擺位）之建議，並統合性的介紹小兒族群之膝關節超音波解剖學隨著骨骼及軟組織成熟過程的系列性變化。

關鍵字

超音波（ultrasound） ； 小兒（pediatrics） ； 肌肉骨骼系統（musculoskeletal system） ； 未成熟骨頭（immature bone） ； 膝關節（knee）

並列摘要

Ultrasound has been thoroughly studied and become a well-established tool for assessment of adult patients' musculoskeletal system both in research and clinical practice. However, the use of musculoskeletal ultrasound in pediatric populations is still limited. The age-dependent variability of normal sonoanatomy dueto bone maturation and ossification in children is the main limitation to establishing its validity as an imaging tool. Also, standardized definitions of gray-scale and power Doppler ultrasonography findings in different age groups of children is still lacking. Nonetheless, ultrasound is a readily accessible imaging modality that is well tolerated by children. It also allows physicians to perform a dynamic assessment of the musculoskeletal system without using ionizing radiation or sedation. The present article aims to collect representative ultrasound images of children's knee joint, reviewing the sonoanatomy of knee joint during skeletal maturation, and to provide a standardized scanning protocol for the pediatric knee.

並列關鍵字

ultrasound ； pediatrics ； musculoskeletal system ； immature bone ； knee

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