社區型社會企業與生態系統發展－價值共創觀點

Development of CBSE and Ecosystem: Value Co-Creation perspective

蔡振義(CHEN-YI TSAI)

《輔仁管理評論》 28卷1期 (2021/01) Pp. 69-106

摘要

社區型社會企業發展脈絡以及其所鑲嵌的在地與外部環境是本文探討的重點。勞動部多元計畫方案支撐社區型社會企業發展，但非每個社區創業計畫皆能成功轉型發展。「擁有類似的制度支持，為何有些社區型社會企業有較佳的績效？」採用在地及制度鑲嵌的生態系統，與價值共創觀點，回答上述研究問題。社區創業是社會創業活動與在地脈絡、制度力量三者間互動的過程。驅動社區發展的力量，來自於社區創業者，與複雜的產、官、學研力量交融互動的生態系統。以個案歷程分析，探究仕安社區合作社發展歷程。長期觀察，半結構化訪談，輔以內外部文件、社群媒體等次級資料，完成個案歷程與所鑲嵌的生態系統描繪，後續資料分析浮現多重鑲嵌、價值共創機轉與社區發展的關聯性。嘗試從社區創業與在地脈絡、制度力量互演化歷程，建構社區創業生態系統。研究結果指出價值共創是鏈結社會創業者、在地社區、返鄉青年與外部制度機構的關鍵機轉。換言之，社區創業者與在地鑲嵌及制度鑲嵌的價值共創作為，是社區型社會企業與在地社區持續發展的主要驅動力量。研究結論對社會創業、價值共創與生態系統研究做出貢獻；也浮現制度資源融入社區脈絡的機制，提供社區型社會企業發展建議。據此，提出未來的研究方向。

關鍵字

社區型社會企業 ； 在地鑲嵌 ； 制度鑲嵌 ； 生態系統 ； 價值共創

並列摘要

This study focus on the co-evolution of Community-based social enterprise (CBSE) and the ecosystem within which the CBSE is embedded. The Multi-channel Employment Service Program (launched by Taiwan Council of Labor Affairs) pushed the development of CBSE in Taiwan's rural communities. However, not all CBSEs became successful and sustainable. The phenomenon raises our research question. ＂Why some CBSEs outperform than others with the same institutional supports?＂ This paper adopted the ecosystem, within which CBSEs are embedded, and value co-creation perspectives to answer the research question. Prior studies indicated social entrepreneurship is affected by the interaction among local context, and institutional forces. Especially, the development of CBSE is surrounded with community context. At the same time, CBSEs are also embedded within institutional environments. Regional development scholars suggested that drivers of community development are originated from community entrepreneurs, and interaction among community enterprises, and institutional environment. Therefore, we argued that CBSEs can benefit from the ecosystem, which originated from the interaction among entrepreneurs, local community and institutional forces. However, value co-creation among various stakeholders is the main mechanism that inspires and sustains the development of the CBSE. This was a longitudinal case study of community-based social enterprise (ShihAn community cooperative in north of Tainan, Taiwan). Author participated and observed the origin and evolution of the CBSE for 7 years. I conducted semi-structured interviews with members of CBSE, including founders, board members, managers, contract farmers, resident. In order to collected data of institutions, we also interviewed with stakeholders from institutions, including government institution, university, and NGO. The secondary data are also collected. Through this process, we collected a wide range of archival material, including meeting minute, annual reports, brochures, reports from social media, etc. In the process of data analysis, we firstly reported the longitudinal evolution of the CBSE and the ecosystem CBSE being embedded. In the second stage of analysis, the dynamic interaction among local and institutional embeddedness, value co-creation mechanism and CBSE development are emerged and discussed. The study depicted the ecosystem of CBSE. The results suggested that value co-creation mechanism plays the key role on dynamic interaction among social entrepreneurs, local community, and institutional environment. The results contribute social entrepreneurship, ecosystem, and value co-creation research. The conclusions also inspired practical implications for community development. Future directions are discussed.

並列關鍵字

Community-Based Social Enterprise ； local embeddedness ； Institutional Embeddedness ； Ecosystem ； Value Co-creation

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