台商在大陸之企業網絡與關係網絡之研究

A Study of Taiwanese Corporations' Business and Guanxi Network in Mainland China

曾紀幸(Chi-Hsing Tseng)

《企業管理學報》 62期 (2004/09) Pp. 79-116

摘要

近十幾年來，台商在大陸的投資快速成長，2002年初台灣與大陸一起加入世界貿易組織(WTO)，未來兩岸的商業互動將日益密切。因此，台商在大陸的經營是目前實務界所關切的議題。華人關係是中國社會特有的文化特徵，對於個人間以及組識間的關係有重大涵義。本研究將應用網絡理論與華人關係(guanxi)的觀點，探討台商在大陸所建構的網絡構型。本研究有兩大發現：第一，產業特質會影響台商在大陸的網絡構型。當產業的技術變化越快速，則台商在大陸的企業網絡關係越不緊密，與相關機構的華人關係也越不密切；若產業的技術自主性很低時，則台商傾向於建構較緊密的企業網絡關係；當產業有明顯的專業分工現象時，則台商在大陸傾向於建構較緊密的關係網絡。第二，台商在大陸不同地區的網絡構型將有所差異，華東與華北地區的台商最重視與當地政府機構的關係；華南與華束地區的台商較重視與當地台商聯誼會成員的關係。

關鍵字

中國大陸 ； 網絡理論 ； 華人關係 ； 海外直接投資

並列摘要

The amount of investment in Mainland China by Taiwanese corporations has grown enormously over the last decade. At the beginning of year 2002, both Taiwan and Mainland China joined the World Trade Organization (WTO) The business interaction relationship between Taiwan and Mainland will be closer in the future. Therefore, it will be the most concerned issue for Taiwanese corporations to run a business in Mainland China. Guanxi is a unique cultural characteristic that has strong implications for interpersonal and interorganizational relationships in Chinese society. This research will apply network theory and Guanxi perspective to explore the network configuration of Taiwanese corporations in China. There are two major findings from this research. First, the network configurations of Taiwanese corporations in China will be affected by the industrial characteristics. When there is a rapid change in industrial technology, the business network relationship will not be so tight, nor the Guanxi network relationships with relevant organizations. When the industrial technical independency is low, Taiwanese corporations prefer to construct a closer business network relationship. When the industry has obviously specialized labor division phenomenon, Taiwanese corporations will prefer to construct a closer Guanxi network relationship. Second, there are significant differences among network configuration that Taiwanese corporations invest in various areas of China. Taiwanese corporations in the North China and East China areas put more efforts into the local government relations; while those who invest in the South China and East China areas prefer the local Taiwanese Businessman Fraternity members' relations.

並列關鍵字

Mainland China ； network theory ； Guanxi ； foreign direct investment

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