大埔腔客家諺語運用修辭格之研究

A study of How Rhetoric was applied in Dapu Hakka Sayings

彭道衡(Tau-Heng Peng)

《聯大學報》 12卷2期 (2015/12) Pp. 41-65

摘要

語言與文字皆是人類表情達意的工具。語言以語音表達情思，在時空限制下，不易傳達於異時異地，乃有文字的發明。而大埔腔客家語，雖沒有文字承載的協助，仍在台灣中部東勢地區，透過許多世代流傳的「諺語」，讓客家人的傳統價值觀念與在地生活智慧等無形的文化資產，得以繼續世代緜延。本研究透過通常用來研究文辭與文學的「修辭格」為工具，檢視大埔腔客家諺語，發現在沒有文字為載具的幫助下，絕大部分的諺語，均能靈活運用17 種修辭格，以提升語言表達的效果。同時，更有大量的諺語，被發現同時使用二種以上不同修辭格的「兼格」情形。大埔腔客家諺語巧妙運用「修辭格」，不僅在「表意方法的調整」方面，讓言語更加優美，表達更為生動，寓意尤其深遠；在「優美形式的設計」方面，也充滿韻律與節奏，而且聲韻調合，易於琅琅上口，便於流傳長遠。透過本研究，可確信大埔腔客家諺語，確為客家語言的精萃，在世代口傳心記與反復傳習下，早已凝結出意涵豐富，語句凝練，形式優美的語言資產。無論是在學習客家語或從事客家文學創作時，都應將其視為最珍貴的寶藏。

關鍵字

客家 ； 諺語 ； 大埔腔客家語 ； 修辭格

並列摘要

Language and writing are both the tools that human beings use to express their emotions and intentions. Emotions can be expressed verbally, but under the limitation of time and space, it’s not easy to deliver to different time and places. Therefore writing was consequently invented. Dapu Hakka language allows Hakka cultural properties like traditional values and local living wisdom get to hand down to generations through sayings that have been passed on from generation to generation in Dongshi area of central Taiwan without the assistance of writing. This research examines Dapu Hakka sayings using rhetoric as the tool that usually utilized to study for diction and literature. It turns out that 17 kinds of rhetoric were applied in most of the sayings to enhance the performance of verbal expression without the assistance of writing. At the same time, the rhetoric of dual-purpose which utilized two or more kinds of rhetoric can be seen within huge numbers of sayings. Rhetoric is cleverly used in those sayings not only just in the adjustment of ideographic method that allows the language to be more beautifully spoken, the expression to be more vividly delivered and contains enriched implication, but also in the design of the graceful style that full of rhythm and tempo which articulation and rhythm are so well blended to be catchy and handy to pass on through generations. Through this research, it can be sure that Dapu Hakka sayings are the essence of Hakka language. They had produced enriched, condensed, graceful styled language resources after having oral teaching and repetitive drills from generation to generation. They should be treated as the most precious treasures both in Hakka language learning and Hakka literature creating.

並列關鍵字

Hakka ； Sayings ； Dapu Hakka language ； rhetoric

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