杉木、香杉、柳杉及台灣杉種間雜交性質之初步研究

Preliminary Study on Hybridity among Cunninghamia lanceolata, Cunninghamia konishii, Cryptomeria japonica, and Taiwania cryptomerioides

楊政川(Jenq-Chuan Yang) ； 鍾振德(Jeng-Der Chung)

《台灣林業科學》 14卷4期 (1999/12) Pp. 437-446

https://doi.org/10.7075/TJFS.199912.0437

摘要

本研究進行杉木、香杉、台灣杉與柳杉的種間雜交試驗及探討其間之親綠關係。杉木與香杉互交均可獲得種子能發芽的有效毬果，比率分別為杉木(♀)×香杉(♂)29.2%，香衫(♀)×杉木(♂)82.8%。異屬間雜交的杉木(♀)×台灣杉(♂)、香杉(♀)×台灣杉(♂)、杉木(♀)×柳杉(♂)與香杉(♀)×柳杉(♂)雖可獲得種子，但都不具發芽能力，顯示控制授粉仍無法突破屬間之交配障礙。柳杉花粉粒可以在香杉與杉木珠孔發芽並穿透頸細胞，所獲得的毬果長、寬與重量跟杉木與香杉互交的毬果沒有顯著的差異。台灣杉花粉與杉木、香杉雜交的毬果長、寬與重量比較小。調查杉木與香杉一年十個月生的雜交苗高度、側枝數量及針葉的顏色後，雜交苗具有父本或母本的遺傳特性，杉木苗高於香杉苗5cm，又比父本為香杉之雜交苗高10cm，且差異達顯著水準，而父本為杉木之雜交苗高度則接近香杉苗木。香杉苗的側枝數平均比杉木苗多4.6枝，而兩個各為父母本的雜交苗側枝數則介於兩者之間。杉木苗的葉色呈藍綠色，香杉苗葉色呈黃綠色，父本為杉木與父本為香杉之雜交苗的葉色均與其父本相同，顯示葉色是屬於細胞質的父系遺傳。就四樹種間親緣遠近而言，香杉與杉木甚接近，柳杉或台灣杉跟杉木及香杉之間，仍有段距離。

關鍵字

有效毬果 ； 無效毬果 ； 父系遺傳 ； 雜交性質 ； 親綠關係

並列摘要

The present study investigated hybridity and phylogeny among 4 species in the genera Cunninghamia, Cryptomeria, and Taiwania. Reciprocal crosses between Cunninghamia lanceolata (Cl) and C. konishii (Ck) produced effective cones with rates of (Cl×Ck) being 29.2% and (Ck×Cl) 82.8%. The seeds harvested from the intergeneric crosses such as Cl×Tc (Taiwania cryptomerioioides), Ck×Tc, Cl×Cj (Cryptomeria japonica), and Ck×Cj were unable to germinate. This indicates that the technique of controlled pollination can still not remove the barriers in intergeneric crosses. Pollen grains of Cry. japonica were able to germinate at micropyle and elongate through neck cells in C. konishii and C. lanceolata. And cones harvested from Cl×Cj and Ck×Cj exhibited Length, width, and weight with non-significant differences from those of cones obtained from reciprocal crosses between the 2 species of Cunninghamia. However, cones harvested from Cl×Tc and Ck×Te crosses appeared smaller in size. By investigating height, branching, and needle color of 22-mo-old seedlings of Cl×Ck and Ck×Cl crosses, we found that hybrid seedlings possessed traits which were inherited from male or female parents. Cl×Cl seedlings were not only taller than Ck×Ck ones by 5 cm, but also taller than Cl×Ck seedlings by 10 cm, at the 5% sigificant difference level. Ck×Cl seedlings exhibited heights similar to those of Ck seedlings. The average branch number of Ck×Ck seedlings was 4.6 more than that of Cl×Cl, while those of Cl×Ck and Ck×Cl seedlings were intermediate. Needle color of Cl×Cl seedlings was bluish green and that of Ck×Ck ones yellowish green. Needles of Cl×Ck and Ck×Cl seedlings showed the same color patterns as their male parents, indicating paternal cytoplasmic inheritance of leaf color character. As to the phylogenetic relationship among the 4 species in the present study, C. konishii and C. lanceolata are very close to each other, while the 2 species of Cunninghamia still exhibit a certain divergence from Cry. japonica and T. cryptomerioides.

並列關鍵字

effective cone ； non-effective cone ； paternal inheritance ； hybridity ； phylogney