Oviposition Preference and Larval Survival of Troides aeacus formasanus (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) on Aristolochia zollingeriana in Different Environments in the Kenting Area

黃裳鳳蝶是台灣的特有亞種，為台灣保育類野生動物之一。台灣南部的墾丁地區是此蝶的主要分布地，而港口馬兜鈴是其在此區最主要的食草。本研究調查墾丁地區生長的港口馬兜鈴食草，監測黃裳鳳蝶母蝶於各食草棲地產下的卵數，以及幼蟲存活率，並調查各棲地的環境條件。研究目的為瞭解此蝶選擇來產卵之處的特性如何，偏好於何處產下較大的卵群，並探討幼蟲存活率較高的棲地條件為何。結果發現，在83處潛在可利用的食草棲地中，有70%被此蝶實際利用，林冠鬱閉棲地被利用的比例顯著高於林冠開放處。生長至森林上層的大型食草被母蝶利用的比例也較高。研究期間共標定此蝶101組卵群，共計1,078個卵。母蝶偏好在生長至森林上層且葉片較多的食草，以及林冠開放的馬路林緣棲地產下較大的卵群。在不同卵群中，幼蟲存活率平均為5.7%，最高可達40%。幼蟲存活率較高的食草，是生長至森林上層，且葉片豐量較高的植株。就棲地類型而言，母蝶產下較大卵群的馬路林緣棲地，其幼蟲存活率並未顯著高於其他類型的棲地。整體而言，食草港口馬兜鈴在森林中的垂直分層及葉片豐量，是影響黃裳鳳蝶產卵偏好及幼蟲存活率最重要的因子。

關鍵字

卵群大小；棲地類型；食草；產卵棲地選擇；垂直分層

並列摘要

Troides aeacus formosanus, an endemic butterfly subspecies of Taiwan, is listed as a protected species of Taiwan. Its population is mainly distributed in the Kenting area of southern Taiwan, where Aristolochia zollingeriana serves as the butterfly's main host plant. We surveyed the host plants in the Kenting area, and recorded numbers of eggs laid by female T. aeacus formosanus, larval survival rates, and habitat variables. Our goals were to determine the characteristics of sites selected by female butterflies for oviposition, their preferred sites for ovipositing larger egg batch sizes, and habitat variables associated with higher larval survival rates. The results showed that 70% of the 83 identified potential habitat sites were utilized by T. aeacus formosanus. Habitats under a closed canopy were more frequently utilized by females than those under an open canopy. Larger host plants growing in the upper level of the forest also had a higher female utilization rate. During the field study, 101 egg batches were identified with a total of 1078 eggs. We found that females preferred to lay larger egg batch sizes on host plants with more leaves, host plants growing in the upper strata of the forest, and host plants by the road edge under an open canopy. Among egg batches, the larval survival rate averaged 5.7% and peaked at 40%. We found that host plants that were growing in the upper level of the forest and with greater leaf abundances hosted egg batches with greater larval survival rates. As for habitat types, although females laid more eggs by the road under an open canopy, their larvae did not have higher survival rates than larvae in other habitat types. Ultimately, vertical stratification and leaf abundance of A. zollingeriana were the most important factors influencing female oviposition preference and larval survival rates.

並列關鍵字

egg batch size ； habitat type ； host plant ； oviposition site selection ； vertical stratification

國際替代計量

Oviposition Preference and Larval Survival of Troides aeacus formasanus (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) on Aristolochia zollingeriana in Different Environments in the Kenting Area

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