臺中區農業改良場場區蝶類與鳥類之資源及動態研究

本研究以行政院農業委員會臺中區農業改良場位於彰化縣大村鄉佔地50.5 ha的場區為調查範圍，於2020年1－12月，記錄蝶類與鳥類的種類與數量，共記錄到蝶類5科20種、698隻次，以蛺蝶科（Nymphalidae）8種為最多，數量則以粉蝶科（Pieridae）之455隻次最多。數量最多的前5名優勢種依序為日本紋白蝶（Pieris rapae crucivora）、沖繩小灰蝶（Zizeeia maha okinawana）、淡小紋青斑蝶（Tirumala limniace limniace）、黃蝶（Eurema hecabe）及琉球紫蛺蝶（Hypolimnas bolina kezia）。1、3及5月是蝶類總隻數最多的時期。場區內記錄到鳥類35科、60種；各科之種類數以鷺科（Ardeidae）7種為最多，其次為鷸科（Scolopacidae）5種；屬於保育類第Ⅱ級的有鴛鴦（Aix galericulata）、鳳頭蒼鷹（Accipiter trivirgatus）、黑翅鳶（Elanus caeruleus）、彩鷸（Rostratula benghalensis）、紅隼（Falco tinnunculus）及領角鴞（Otus lettia）等6種，屬於保育類第Ⅲ級的有燕鴴（Glareola maldivarus）及紅尾伯勞（Lanius cristatus）等2種。數量最多的前5名優勢種依序為麻雀（Passer montanus）、野鴿（Columba livia）、紅鳩（Streptopelia tranquebarica）、燕鴴及白尾八哥（Acridotheres javanicus）等5種。於蓄水池旁雜木林群集過夜的鳥類以黃頭鷺（Bubulcus ibis）、小白鷺（Egretta garzetta）及夜鷺（Nycticorax nycticorax）的數量最多。9月至翌年2月是場區鳥類種類與數量較為豐富的季節。該場區維持著多樣化的農田地景，對於蝶類與鳥類的物種多樣性有所助益，又本研究所建立之彰化縣農田的蝶類與鳥類資源資料庫，可供後續保育及生態教育的基礎資料。

關鍵字

農田；蝴蝶；鳥類；資源；動態

並列摘要

This study surveyed the field of Taichung district agricultural and extension station, Council of Agriculture of the Executive Yuan, located in Dacun township, Changhwa County, covering an area of 50.5 hectares. The species and numbers of butterflies and birds were recorded from January to December 2020. Among the butterflies, there were five families, 20 species and 698 individuals. In terms of species diversity, Nymphalidae was the most dominant family with eight species collected, whereas in terms of abundance, Pieridae was the most dominant family with 455 individuals observed. There were five dominant species with the highest index of aboundance: Pieris rapae crucivora, Zizeeia maha okinawana, Tirumala limniace limniace, Eurema mandarina and Hypolimnas bolina kezia. January, March and May were the months with the highest number of butterflies; there were 35 families and 60 species of birds in the field. In terms of species diversity, Ardeidae was the most dominant family with seven species collected, while Scolopacidae was second with five ones collected. Six rare and valuable species belong to the protected categoryⅡincluding Aix galericulata, Accipiter trivirgatus, Elanus caeruleus, Rostratula benghalensis, Falco tinnunculus and Otus lettia. Glareola maldivarus and Lanius cristatus belong to protected species categoryⅡ. The five most dominants species were Passer montanus, Columba livia, Streptopelia tranquebarica, Glareola maldivarus and Acridotheres javanicus. The highest numbers of birds swarming overnight perched in the weeds next to the water reservoir included Bubulcus ibis, Egretta garzetta and Nycticorax nycticorax. On the basis of seasonal fluctuation, the largest species and individuals were found from September to February of the following year. The field had maintained the diversity of farmland landscapes which helped preserve the species diversity for butterflies and birds. The results of this study established the butterfly and bird resource database of farmland of Changhwa County, and offers the basic materials for conservation and ecological education in the future.

並列關鍵字

bird ； butterfly ； farmland ； fluctuation ； resource

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