Applying a Territory Mapping Method to Census the Breeding Bird Community Composition in a Montane Forest of Taiwan

以領域描圖法調查台灣山區森林繁殖鳥類群聚組成

林貞瑋(Chen-Wei Lin) ； 許富雄(Fu-Hsiung Hsu) ； 丁宗蘇(Tzung-Su Ding)

《台灣林業科學》 26卷3期 (2011/09) Pp. 267-285

https://doi.org/10.7075/TJFS.201109.0267

摘要

領域描圖法被視為能準確估計森林繁殖鳥類密度，並適合於探討鳥類與棲地間的細微關聯。然而，領域描圖法甚少被用來估計熱帶及亞熱帶亞洲的鳥類群聚組成。我們於2005年3月上旬至7月下旬對台灣中海拔地區約40公頃範圍之鳥類群聚，進行連續20週、共40天次之領域描圖法。研究目的為建立領域描圖法操作方法及探討此方法對鳥類群聚組成的察覺效率。研究期間紀錄到57種鳥，共5719筆紀錄。研究結果顯示，4月上旬至6月上旬是以領域描圖法調查台灣中海拔繁殖鳥類群聚的最佳時間。在這段時間內，本方法可以察覺到88%過去曾經紀錄到的繁殖鳥種。在進行領域描圖法時伴隨錄音回播，以當地最普遍14種鳥類的領域性鳴唱聲重複兩次的方式，對於所調查到之繁殖鳥類種數及數量並無顯著影響。因此，若有完善的步道系統，領域描圖法應該可以適合用於調查台灣森林及亞洲類似棲地的鳥類群聚組成。然而，由於熱帶及亞熱帶部分鳥類領域行為並不明顯，繁殖季節常不同步，且常一季多巢，領域描圖法的效率並不如在溫帶地區進行的結果。

關鍵字

覺察效率 ； 群聚組成 ； 最適調查時間 ； 回播效應 ； 領域描圖法

並列摘要

Territory mapping is considered one of the most accurate methods for estimating forest bird densities and studying the subtle relationships between birds and their habitats. Nevertheless, the territory mapping method has rarely been applied to estimate entire bird communities in tropical and subtropical regions of Asia. We conducted territory mappings in an area of around 40 ha at a mid-elevation site in Taiwan for a period of 20 consecutive weeks (40 census days in total) from early March to late July 2005 to establish field protocols of territory mapping and examine the effectiveness of this method in detecting the avian community composition. Fifty-seven bird species from 5719 registrations were recorded during the 40 field censuses. The results suggested that the optimal period for territory mapping at the study site was during 10~12 wk from early April to late June, because during this period, the prevalences of most breeding species were highest. Within this period of time, we registered 88% of the breeding species recorded historically. Repeatedly playing 2 repetitions of the territorial songs of the 14 commonest species did not significantly affect the total number of breeding species or registrations recorded on each census. These results indicate that with a good trail system, the territory mapping method is suitable for censusing bird communities in forests of Taiwan and similar habitats in Asia. However, due to the non-territorial behavior, asynchronous breeding season, and multiple broodings of birds in tropical and subtropical regions, the efficiency of territory mapping method is not as good as that in temperate regions.

並列關鍵字

census efficacy ； community composition ； optimal census time ； playback effect ； spot mapping