短柱山茶種子的發芽與儲藏性質

Germination and Storage Behavior of Seeds of Camellia brevistyla (Hay.) Coh.-Stuart

楊正釧(Jeng-Chuann Yang) ； 郭幸榮(Shing-Rong Kuo)

《台灣林業科學》 32卷4期 (2017/12) Pp. 267-281

https://doi.org/10.7075/TJFS.201712_32(4).0001

摘要

本研究目的在明瞭短柱山茶(Camellia brevistyla)種子的發芽特性與探討其儲藏行為，並決定其最適當的儲藏方法。供試第1批短柱山茶新鮮種子以30/20℃(day/night) 變溫經16週後之發芽率為38.9%，平均發芽日數為56.7日，經1及4℃層積2個月後可分別使發芽率稍加升高至47.8與44.4%，平均發芽日數分別顯著降低至35.3與31.7日，使種子集中在7週內發芽。第2批新鮮種子以30/20℃(day/night) 變溫經16週後之發芽率為74.3%，平均發芽日數為73.9日，經1, 4及10℃層積3個月後可使發芽率分別顯著提升至92.4, 94.3與95.2%，平均發芽日數分別顯著降低至16.5、16.6與14.0日，使種子集中在5週內發芽。因此，1, 4及10℃層積3個月後均可完全解除短柱山茶之種子休眠。短柱山茶種子不耐乾旱，當含水率被降至約10%時大部分種子已衰敗死亡，含水率再降至5%以下後則種子均已死亡，且其對零下低溫非常敏感，而以其能耐1~4℃的特性，故將其歸類為溫帶異儲型。儲藏短柱山茶種子的最好方法是將新鮮種子以1℃濕藏之，於2年內仍能保持原有活力且不會在濕藏環境中發芽。

關鍵字

短柱山茶 ； 發芽 ； 層積 ； 種子儲藏行為

並列摘要

The purposes of this study were to examine the germination characteristic and seed storage behavior of seeds of Camellia brevistyla and determine an appropriate seed storage method. Fresh mature seeds of seedlot 1 reached a germination percentage of 38.9% and a mean germination time (MGT) of 56.7 d after incubation under alternating temperatures of 30/20℃ (day/night) for 16 wk. However, the germination percentages slightly increased to 47.8 and 44.4%, while emergence was able to occur within 7 wk with MGTs significantly decreasing to 35.3 and 31.7 d after 2 mo of 1 and 4℃ stratification, respectively. Fresh mature seeds of seedlot 2 had a germination percentage of 74.3% and an MGT of 73.9 d after the same germination conditions and period. Germination percentages significantly increased to 92.4, 94.3, and 95.2%, while emergence was able to occur within 5 wk with MGTs significantly decreasing to 16.5, 16.6, and 14.0 d after 3 mo of 1, 4, and 10℃ stratification, respectively. However, 3 mo of 1, 4, and 10℃ stratification completely broke seed dormancy. Fresh mature seeds of C. brevistyla were sensitive to desiccation and low temperatures. Most seeds died when the moisture content dropped to about 10%; moreover, they completely lost viability when the moisture content dropped below 5%, and seed germinability rapidly decreased at a storage temperature of -20℃. However, C. brevistyla seeds maintained their initial germinability when stored at 1~4℃ with moist sphagnum. Thus, seeds of C. brevistyla are defined as having temperate-recalcitrant storage behavior. Additionally, the optimal seed storage conditions of C. brevistyla are wet storage at 1℃ for fresh mature seeds, and the initially germinable seeds still had germinability after 2 yr.

並列關鍵字

Camellia brevistyla ； germination ； stratification ； seed storage behavior