從正義知覺與關係品質的觀點探討領導者權力對員工工作投入影響之實證研究

An Empirical Study of the Relationships between Power of Leaders and the Employee's Job Involvement from Perceived Justice and Relationship Quality Perspectives

廖國鋒(Gou-Fong Liaw) ； 吳華春(Hua-Chuen Wu)

《人力資源管理學報》 3卷2期 (2003/06) Pp. 1-25

https://doi.org/10.6147/JHRM.2003.0302.01

摘要

本研究主要的目的在探討領導者的權力透過正義知覺以及關係品質之中介角色，對員工工作投入所產生的影響效果。同時藉由廣泛的回顧與整合過去相關理論文獻，做為本研究的理論依據以及觀念性架構推論之基礎。權力及其影響過程之研究，在組織研究領域長期受到歡迎，而且持續引發研究者的注意。因此，有關領導者的權力運作及其影響結果，實值得吾人深入瞭解。近年來，組織正義的議題亦頗受學界重視，實際上在領導者與成員之間關係發展差異化（內團體／外團體）的LMX理論已經浮現組織正義的問題。本文試圖從全貌性的觀點，討論過去學者鮮少研究的課題，期望某些存在的模糊關係能夠獲得適度釐清。尤其是有關非經濟性權力基礎與分配正義之間的關聯性，過去理論一直存在研究缺口，經過本研究的分析歸納，期能在觀念上得到些許啟發，補充過去文獻之不足，並提供後續相關領域研究參考。研究結果發現：1.非經濟性權力基礎與分配正義存在顯著正向關係，亦即當領導者擁有專家權、合法權及參考權的程度越高，越會得到重視分配結果之部屬的認同。2.忠誠對工作投入的影響為負向關係，但不具顯著水準。3.領導者所擁有的非經濟性權力也會因為程序正義以及情感受重視程度的差異，對部屬的工作投入產生不同的影響，此一結論再度強化本研究架構的合理性。因此，身為領導者應該正視程序正義以及情感扮演的關鍵角色，落實分配的程序公平性，建立人際互動網絡機制，促使部屬能夠經由認同進而全力投入自己的工作，期能有效發揮加乘效果，加速達成組織追求的目標。

關鍵字

領導者權力 ； 正義知覺 ； 關係品質 ； 工作投入

並列摘要

The purpose of this paper is to explore the effect of the power of leaders on the employee's job involvement from perceived justice and relationship quality perspectives. Furthermore, this paper broadly reviews and integrates the past theory literature to serve as the basis of theory and conceptual framework. Despite power is an intangible force in organizations, the study of power and its influence processes is very popular in organizational studies and continues to draw attention from researchers. Therefore, with regard to the power in action of leaders and influence result, it is worthy of understanding in depth. During these years, issues of organizational justice was also attracted by researchers. In fact, LMX theory has implications for organizational justice since the focus of LMX is on the development of differentiated (in-group/out-group) leader- member relationships. This paper tried to discuss the topic that has been sparse in the past from a full view and appropriately cleared a number of vague relations. Especially, researchers have discussed less in the relation between bases of non-economic power and distributive justice. The results show that: 1. There exists significantly positive relationship between non-economical powers and distributive justice. 2. There exists negative relationship that the loyalty and job involvement but without so much significant. 3. Non-economical power of leaders will influence the employees' job involvement in some degree that depends on the procedural justice along with affect. The above inclusion is again to strengthen the rationality of this study framework. Therefore the leader should not ignore the key role of justice along with affect, and go to implement the procedural justice, and establish network mechanism for public relationship, which can make job involvement through job agreement by employee, and further speed up pursuing organization goal.

並列關鍵字

power of leaders ； perceived justice ； relationship quality ； job involvement

參考文獻

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