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成年監護制度與法院功能的演進-以受監護人權益保障為中心

The Development and Challenges of Adult Guardianship in Taiwan

摘要


有鑑於成年監護制度的重要性與日俱增,我國民法成年監護制度於民國97年進行大幅修正,強調維護受監護人的最佳利益並尊重其主體性。此發展不僅進一步健全成年監護法制,亦能夠回應目前社會的需求以及人口結構邁向高齡化的趨勢。受監護人(尤其是高齡者)之福祉與需求是否能夠適切的保護與滿足,除了取決於實際上的照顧者是否用心與忠誠之外,更有賴健全有效的成年監護法制加以規範與監督。另一方面,美國的成年監護法制自從1980年中期以來,也在各界矚目下不斷改革發展。雖然美國與我國的社會文化與法制傳統不盡相同,但成年監護法制的政策方向卻是相當一致。本文收集分析監護宣告裁判,探討我國目前監護制度的實務運作現況,並對照美國法制之發展經驗,認為我國目前的發展方向值得贊同與肯定,並建議對於監護要件進行檢討,設立公設監護制度,並強化法院監督功能,以確保受監護人權益。

並列摘要


To safeguard the rights and dignity of those in need, Taiwanese legislature overhauled the adult guardianship law in 2008. This development is a timely respond to Taiwan's demographic change into an aging society. With the decreasing birth rate and high life expectancies, it is expected that Taiwan will become an "aged society" in 2018. For such a society, adult guardianship system, a legal arrangement to give someone the legal authority to make decisions for another person, plays an important role in protect senior citizens and other adults who are unable to provide for their personal needs or have impaired decision-making capacity. This article intends to conduct a reality check on how the new system is carried out and the role played by the courts in the new legal regime. The author examines over 300 adult guardianship decisions rendered by five different district courts in Taiwan and urges the courts to make better use of court investigators, guardian ad litem and evaluation reports to help the courts to make better informed decisions. In addition, the author suggests that the courts should take on more responsibility in guardianship monitoring to ensure the welfare and rights of those who are protected by the guardianship system.

參考文獻


吳玉琴(2011)。台灣老人福利百年軌跡─老人福利政策及措施之省思與展望。社區發展季刊。133,139-159。
沈冠伶(2012)。新世紀民事程序法制之程序正義:以民事訴訟及家事程序為中心。臺大法學論叢。41,1117-1187。
李太正(2014)。家事事件法之理論與實務。元照=Angle。
林秀雄(2009)。論我國新修正之成年監護制度。月旦法學雜誌。164,139-156。
周世珍()。,未出版。

被引用紀錄


黃立宇(2017)。論身心障礙者權利公約第12條法律能力之憲法實踐-從歐洲經驗出發〔碩士論文,國立臺灣大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU201702628
胡珮琪(2017)。我國成年監護制度之實證研究〔碩士論文,國立臺灣大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU201701410
譚丞佑(2016)。從美國法制論我國成年監護制度之替代措施〔碩士論文,國立臺北大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://www.airitilibrary.com/Article/Detail?DocID=U0023-1303201714245342
TSAI, W. H. (2016). 成年監護制度:以意思能力與監護人角色為中心 [master's thesis, National Taipei Uinversity]. Airiti Library. https://www.airitilibrary.com/Article/Detail?DocID=U0023-1303201714245341

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