袁枚論《詩》的文學闡釋

明清以來，以詩解《詩》的文學研究／闡釋漸為可觀，值得深入地研究，清代重要的詩學批評家袁枚雖無論《詩》的專著，然其論著中有不少論《詩》的見解，共同的特點，便是從文學的角度來闡釋《詩經》，條理之，可以從體裁論、內涵論、技巧論等三方面歸納其以文學釋《詩》的特點。在體裁論方面，認為《詩》非經學而為文學，非考據而為性靈；並肯定詩中贈答、豔情這一類別的詩。在內涵論方面，認為《詩》專主性情，且多情真意實，其中又富有靈趣而無定格。在技巧論方面，認為詩雖有絕調的文字，然亦有未工不必學者，且音律風趣，每詩各有聲調。袁枚之說大多精采，雖有少部分矛盾、偏頗之處，然其創造了所處時代詩學理論的極高成就，具有反抗封建規範、爭取文學自由的進步的歷史意義，突破了當時以考據為主的經學家所無法理解也沒有膽量議論的話題，在詩學上、《詩經》學上，均具有重要的歷史地位與價值。

關鍵字

詩經；袁枚；文學；文學闡釋；文學研究；清代；詩經學

並列摘要

Therer are many literary researches/interpretations in Poetic Style, focusing on ”the Book of Song”, which is worthwhile exploring deeply, since Ming and Ching Dynasty. YUAN Mei is a literary crtitic of poetry theory in Ching Dynasty had written many comments on ”The Book of Song”, though he had not written a monography on ”The Book of Song”. I collected all those features of Yuan Mel opinions on ”The Book of Song” by YUAN Mei, organized them and found their characters follows: (1) Style Theory (2) Context Theory and (3) Technique Theory. (1)Style Theory points out ”The Book of Song” is not a classics but a literature, not a textual criticism but a poetic context; and including some kinds of answering poem and love poem. (2) Context Theory refers to the disposition assertion, true character and honest personality, and arouses creative power of mind. (3) Technique Theory goes to the rhyme anf rhythem expression, finds sentence features, no necessary to learn and can express originally, their sound and rhythem naturally and expressively, each poem has its own sound and form. The theory of YUAN Mei is useful, though few possesses paradox and prejudice, reaches a higher achievemment in the history position and value in his time and in the poem theory history, because it abolishes a feudal rule, to obtain a literary freedom progressive on the level of the history meanings, enters into a new world, and makes a breakthrough, where the classics researcher cannot realize and they are no dare to touch of those topics, of those poetic theory, and of ”The School of the Book of Song”.