進化思想與梁啟超的「史界革命」

當前，有關「史界革命」的論述已可謂汗牛充棟。然而，值得注意的是，梁氏此一口號的提出與清末流行的進化思想，實有著密不可分的關聯。梁氏早年的進化史觀得益自康有為與嚴復，流亡日本後在加藤弘之與福澤諭吉的影響下逐漸成形，並以之重新觀看中國歷史的發展。梁氏發表於1901年的〈中國史敘論〉與1902年的《新史學》，標誌著中國傳統史學向現代史學轉型的重要起始。文中，他借鑑了浮田和民《史學通論》的觀念，大量引用實例批判傳統史學，標舉具社會學屬性的進化史觀，提出構建新史學的時代要求。透過「史界革命」口號強而有力的宣傳，梁氏成功帶領中國史學，走向由傳統而現代的歷史建構，廣泛且深刻的影響了同時代與五四一代的學人。

關鍵字

梁啟超；進化思想；史界革命；新史學

並列摘要

At present, discussions on ”Historiographical Revolution” could fill volumes of books. However, we should notice that the term coined by Liang Qi-chao is intricately and inseparably linked to the school of advanced thinking that became a trend at the end of Qing Dynasty. Liang's early views of evolutionism benefited from Kang You-wei and Yan Fu and gradually took shape under the influences of Kato Hiroyuki and Fukuzawa Yukichi during his exile in Japan. Liang's perspectives offered a re-examination of the development of China's history. Introduction to the History of China and New History, published by Liang in 1901 and 1902 respectively, marked the critical beginning of traditional historiography's transformation to modern historiography in China. In these writings, Liang borrowed from the concepts of Ukita Kazutami in his work An Introduction to History and cited numerous examples in his criticism of traditional historiography while advocating the concept of evolutionism that bears sociological elements and illustrated the era's demands for new historiography. Through the launch of his calls for ”Historiographical Revolution”, which proved to be powerful and influential, Liang successfully led the discipline of Chinese historiography from its outdated state, to the path towards the contemporary historical structure. Liang had extensive and profound influence over scholars of his time and aspiring scholars during the May Fourth Movement.