元代題畫詞探析

題畫詞是詞與畫相互融通的藝術結晶，也是元代文人畫的特徵之一。元代由於特殊的政治社會背景，文人入仕之途困蹇，面對「人生適意真難遇」的現實困境，轉而遯隱軒齋、賞藝玩物，或詩酒唱和、品鑑書畫，企圖自我遁逃，解脫痛苦。題畫詞在文人畫與詠物詞並世盛行的因緣際會之下入元而始盛，元代詞人兼擅詩書畫三絕者極眾，是以元代詞人承繼前代既有的繪畫藝術特色與成就，運用詩畫藝術異體同質的獨有特色，將題畫詞推向極致，不僅展現文人的文采風流，豐富畫意詞境，亦抒發文人的襟懷，增添詞畫藝術的感染力，積極促進題畫藝術的蓬勃發展。故本文擬從元代題畫詞的題材分類，探討元代題畫詞在選材上所反映出的時代特色：另一方面則透過繪畫藝術與文學的融通實踐，分析題畫詞在世異時變的元代所彰顯的時代意義與價值。

關鍵字

元代；詞學；題畫文學；題畫詞

並列摘要

Ci inscriptions on paintings are the artistic combination of Ci and painting, and are a characteristic of Yuan Dynasty literati paintings. Due to unique political and social backgrounds of the Yuan Dynasty, it was difficult for literati to work for the government. When they faced the obstacles of “difficulty in finding happiness in life,” they retreated into the arts and relics, or poetry and wine, or calligraphy and paintings, in hope of escaping from their pain. Ci inscriptions on paintings peaked in the Yuan Dynasty with the popularity of literati paintings and object-chanting Ci. There are many Ci artists who were adept at poetry, calligraphy, and painting during the Yuan Dynasty, thus Ci poets of Yuan Dynasty followed the painting characteristics and achievements of the previous dynasty. The unique dialectical characteristics of poetry and painting are used to push Ci inscriptions on paintings to new heights. It not only expresses the literary achievements of literati, the abundant context of painting and poetry, which also manifests the literary mind that increases the infectiousness of the art of Ci and painting, and proactively promotes the rapid development of painting inscription art. This paper uses the subject category of Yuan Dynasty Ci inscriptions on paintings to explore how topic selection reflects the zeitgeist of Yuan Dynasty Ci inscriptions on paintings. On the other hand, the blending and practice of painting art and literature is used to analyze the era meaning and value of Ci inscriptions on paintings in the changing times of the Yuan Dynasty.