孟子師承的研究

Research of the Imitation of Mencius's Thought

周次吉(Tsu-Chi Chou)

《宗教哲學》 42期 (2007/12) Pp. 129-141

https://doi.org/10.6309/JORP.200712_(42).0012

摘要

孟子的師承紛紜了千百年，到現在還沒有一個定論；其實，孟子在其書中何嘗說過他是親炙子思之言教者？太史公說：「受業子思之門人」，明明沒有錯，學術界卻各有解讀，莫衷一是。本論文乃想從其思維、心性的貫通處來作一考索。主要的資料，除《孟子》外，便是《論語》、《大學》、《中庸》，以及史傳、諸子和學者的研究等，而擬分由以下幾點作一論述：一、「受業子思之門人」辨。二、曾子、子思思想之檢視。三、孟子之學直接承傳孔子的考索。不過，孟子雖然優入聖域，卻是寂寞了千數百年。先秦只以諸子稱他，兩漢到魏晉六朝只有一個揚雄要比肩他，唐朝韓愈稍稍了解他，宋人算是光顯了他；明代的朱元璋卻又踐踏了他，至於今天呢？斯不必言矣！

關鍵字

孟子 ； 子思 ； 曾子 ； 孔子 ； 大學 ； 中庸 ； 揚雄 ； 韓愈

並列摘要

The scholar discussed about Mencius's imitation for centuries, which has still not a conclusion. In fact, Mencius never said he followed the conception of Zisi. A famous historian Sima Qian said ”Mencius's thought comes from Confucius disciple”, which is undoubtedly, but scholars had interpreted it with many opinions, and still no consensus.This article research into Mencius's thought and idea. The major information has ”The Analects of Mencius”, The Doctrine of University”, ”The doctrine of the Mean”, and the studies of various scholars.I made some points to make a exposition:＜1＞Identification of Zisi's disciples.＜2＞A review of the thinking of Zeng Zi and Zi Si.＜3＞Research of Zi Si is the disciple of Confucius, but Mencius was not.Although Mencius had his academic distinctions, but he was lonely for hundreds of years. Pre-Qin dynasty Regarded him as a philosopher. From Han dynasty to Wei-Jin Six dynasty only Yang Xiong can be compared with him. The scholar of Tang dynasty Han Yu can realized him a little. But in Song dynasty, Mencius's theory was respected by everyone. The emperor of Ming dynasty Zhou Yen Zhong looked down on him. As for today, no statement.

並列關鍵字

Mencius ； Zisi ； Zengzi ； Confucius ； The Doctrine of University ； The Doctrine of the Mean ； Yang Xiong ； Han Yu