先秦儒學「道德宗教」之內涵探析

Exploration of the Content of Pre-Qin Confucianism's "Ethical Religion"

吳建明(Jiann-Ming Wu)

《宗教哲學》 44期 (2008/06) Pp. 113-128

https://doi.org/10.6309/JORP.200806_(44).0008

摘要

儒學作為「生命的學問」，具有人文、人間性格之精神內涵，其宗教特性實以「道德」為內涵。一般認為宋明儒學之發展，為儒家「道德宗教」完成之里程碑；然若由先秦儒學之發展作考察，亦可鮮明呈顯「道德宗教」之內涵及其發展脈絡。先秦儒學「道德宗教」以「禮」、「天人合德」思想為核心內涵。簡言之，儒家三祭之禮其內容已為道德意義所深化，超越一般宗教之「形式意義」，並以「攝禮歸仁」貞定「禮」作為「道德」向度之宗教精神。而先秦儒學「天人合德」思想之發展，循先秦儒學天道論之發展軌跡；成為先秦儒學「道德宗教」之超越義涵，由此先秦儒學展現為圓熟的道德形式，體現為道德宗教之特殊內涵。

關鍵字

中庸 ； 易傳 ； 孟子 ； 性 ； 命

並列摘要

As a ”school on life,” Confucianism has the religious spirit of humanism and worldliness; its religious character is based on ”virtue.” It is generally thought that development of Song and Ming Confucianism is the completion of the Confucian ”ethical religion.” However, assessment based on development of Qin Confucianism, the content and developmental context of ”ethical religion” can be clearly shown. Pre-Qin Confucian ”ethical religion” revolves around the core of ”propriety” and ”unity of the virtue of Heaven and man.” Simply put, the meaning of the ritual of three worshipping in Confucianism has been deepened due to its ethical meaning, and has surpassed the ”formal meaning” of many religions, and ”she li guei ren” establishes the religious spirit of ”propriety” as a dimension of ”virtue.” Development of pre-Qin Confucianism thought of ”unity of the virtue of Heaven and man” has followed the developmental trajectory of pre-Qin Confucianism discourse on the Heavenly Dao. This forms the transcendental meaning of pre-Qin Confucianism ”ethical religion.” In this way, pre-Qin Confucianism reveals well-rounded forms of virtue, revealing the unique content of an ethical religion.

並列關鍵字

Chung Yung ； Yi Chuan ； Mencius ； character ； life