清代內丹學家黃元吉生平、著述與內丹法脈考

Research on Qing Dynasty Inner Alchemy Practitioner Huang Yuanji's Life, Quotations and Essence of Theory

余強軍

《宗教哲學》 58期 (2011/12) Pp. 61-70

https://doi.org/10.6309/JORP.201112_(58).0004

摘要

黃元吉乃清代著名養生學家、傳統內丹學一代宗師。本文在比較全面地收集、整理提煉和勘驗各類研究材料的基礎上，條分縷析，層層推演，依次對黃元吉的生平、著述和內丹法脈做了一相對清晰和簡要考察，試圖還原黃元吉之真實面目。黃元吉生平不詳之處甚多，本文逐一做出了初步釐清。作者認為黃元吉借助《易．坤》之爻辭，隱含了丹道之「中黃直透」的功夫，故黃元吉之名極可能恰是其內丹法訣。作者在文中較為詳細論述了道教內丹學所謂「中黃直透」的真義，進而特別指出了將黃元吉歸入道教內丹學中派的更合適的理由，應該是黃元吉的「玄關一竅」理論。故《樂育堂語錄》多談玄關，罕言中黃。玄關者，丹道後天返還先天之中道零位點。玄關不開，何焉中黃。此其一。其二，黃元吉在《樂育堂語錄》開篇以儒家貞女烈士之捨生取義為其丹道之先導，顛覆了傳統丹道以為惟有空山隱遁才可能觸發「陽生」的觀念，發千古之所未發，喻意非凡。此一揭露直指中國文化「中道」觀的真精神，校正丹道疏遠現實人倫之枉弊，凡現實人生之恰到好處的中道行皆是「陽生」之境。作者認為，如此高瞻精義，方乃內丹中派之真大家。

關鍵字

黃元吉 ； 生平 ； 著述 ； 內丹法脈 ； 玄關一竅 ； 中道

並列摘要

Huang Yuanji was a well-known as a Daoism Inner Alchemy practitioners and a Daoism health scientist in Qing Dynasty. Through a more comprehensive colletion of previous research materials, especially on the basis of comparison of various types of materials, this article made a relatively clear exposition of Huang Yuanji's life, quotations and essence of his theory.This article clarified much confusion and doubts about his life and experience one by one. The Author believed that Huang Yuanji have implied the truth of ”yellow equilibrium in midrib” by the Kun Gua hexagram statements, therefore, this name ”Huang Yuanji” itself most likely was his exact Inner Alchemy truth. Daoism ”yellow equilibrium in midrib” was more in-depth discussed in this article.The author believed the more appropriate reasons why Huang Yuanji is divided into Inner Alchemy Zhong sect was his ”conversion point”, this point is a core and joint where a acquired condition return to a congenial condition both physically and mentally in Inner Alchemy context. It is a eternal ”zero” system, furthermore, it is a mean way and a dynastic equilibrium point. Without ”conversion point”, without ”yellow equilibrium in midrib”.Another great concerned reason was that Huang Yuanji firmly believed Confucianism lofty spiritual realm also absolutely are the ”Yang Growth” of Inner Alchemy. This argument was so critical that many fallacies were corrected, such as, Daoist priest must practice in the mountains, in other words, they must stay away from secular life. Huang Yuanji's concept revealed a essence of Chinese cultural.

並列關鍵字

Huang Yuanji ； life ； quotations ； essence of Inner Alchemy theory ； Conversion point ； Madhyamapratipad