環境史中的臺灣經驗－以1920－1930年代臺灣人的自然感知與環境衛生言論為主的考察

有關日治時期臺灣在「衛生」、「清潔」方面的認識，學界已有豐富的研究成果，但對於這些概念中環境因子之論述，則還有待開拓。本文主要運用《臺灣民報》系列的資料為主，來考察日治時期臺人對環境衛生與健康觀念之認識。欲解決的核心問題為，自19世紀末以來，對於日常生活中各種不衛生環境之分析，是東亞衛生論述中的一條主軸，臺灣人在這樣的潮流中，如何感知與紀錄身邊不衛生的環境與健康之間的連結？其次，在觀察到不衛生的環境後，臺人或殖民政府有著甚麼樣的舉措與改革思想？這裡面其實充滿了在改善環境衛生工作上，官民之間既合作又帶有緊張之關係，隨著臺人科普知識的增加與對公共事務日益重視，也將所謂的「衛生」，從過去以預防傳染病為主的思考，轉而對自身環境、權益的重視。和日治初期預防傳染病的思維比起來，文中所引述之臭氣、骯髒、糞便四溢的場景，與煤煙、塵埃飛揚等不適感，除了衛生上的考量，其實最主要是針對殖民政府不公平的施政、臺人日常生活中不適之感受，進行平反與挑戰。日人生活的舒適與進步，給臺人不少比較與刺激，並思考自身也要能邁入文明生活，並有權享受舒適生活之期待。

關鍵字

衛生；環境；《臺灣民報》；疾病；空氣汙染

並列摘要

For the discussion of sanitation and hygiene of Taiwan during the Japanese occupation period, there have been abundant research findings. Nevertheless, studies on the environmental factors in these concepts are scarce. Based on the information of Taiwan People News, this study examined the Taiwanese people's knowledge of environmental hygiene and health during the Japanese occupation period. The core issue is that since the end of the 19th century, the analysis of unhealthy environments in daily lives has been important in the discussion of hygiene in East Asia. In the trend, how did the Taiwanese people perceive and record the connection between unhealthy environments and health? Besides, after observing the unhealthy environments, what were the strategies and thoughts towards reform of the Taiwanese people or the colonial government? It, in fact, revealed the cooperation and tension between the government and people on the improvement of environmental hygiene. With the Taiwanese people's increased popular scientific knowledge and the importance of public affairs, the thought on hygiene switched from the thoughts of preventing infectious diseases to the focus on the surrounding environment and rights. In comparison to the thoughts to prevent infectious disease in the early Japanese occupation period, the discomfort depicted in the article, such as the scenes full of odor, filthiness, and excrements, and the uncomfortableness aroused by flying smoke and dust, not only referred to hygiene but also challenged the unjust policies of the colonial government and the Taiwanese people's daily discomfort. The Japanese people's comfort and progress in their lives inspired the Taiwanese people to look forward to civilized lives and their right to enjoy a comfortable life.