Generally, the relationship between state and society is an issue of governmental that can also apply to politics and medicine. The dimensions of state intervention include its direction to medical development through making medical policies and controlling physicians. In the postwar Taiwan, medicine and politics was a special present of authoritarian system in those days. The development of medicine and medical profession was up to the political concerns of the state, especially linking to its government in Taiwan's society. In order to illustrate the relationship between medicine and politics in the postwar Taiwan, the concept of weak government and strong government are applied to the discussions on medical policy, medical practice, and physicians' role.