設計藝術之造形風格演變過程之研究

「形」（Gestaltung）一詞首見於德國，其字源的意義是完全形態，它是物體（object）所呈現出來有豐富內涵的樣式。而創造出形的現象稱為「造形」，其所表達的形式與風格乃是透過藝術家特質的思維與精巧的手藝，將生命力表現在創作品上。在早期西方的希臘羅馬文化及東方的中國商周文化，無論是在藝術創作、建築、雕塑、器皿、圖案等創作上，造形皆是表達人類文化自主精神的呈現。本文所要探討的是以造形風格為對象的整體造形脈絡，藉由風格的演變來分析造形發展的歷史背景及其演變的過程，目的在於瞭解造形風格演變的差異化之變因。自古典藝術的希臘文化、羅馬文化開始，尤其是十四至十六世紀的文藝復興（Renaissance）時代，以「神論」精神主義為主的造形風格創作表達出沙文主義（Chauvinism）的理想，到了今日以新式的創作方法為基礎的進展，改變了人類傳統的造形風格，現代設計藝術所展現的風貌已完全創新，自圖案、文字、媒體到電腦科技的創作型式，已漸漸的取代古典藝術造形風格的創作。

關鍵字

造形；古典藝術；現代設計；風格

並列摘要

”Shape” (Gestaltung) is a term first seen in Germany and the significance of its etymology is completely morphological. Its rich style is presented from within objects. The phenomenon of form created is known as the ”shape”. The form and style of their expression is performed by the artists' qualities of thinking and sophisticated craft creations. In the early western Greek and Roman culture and the eastern Chinese Hsan-Chou culture, the artistic creation, architecture, sculpture, utensils, and graphics are all presented to express the spirit of human cultural autonomy.This article is to explore the style for the overall form of the object context. Based on the process of the evolution of style, the article analyzes the historical background and evolution of the form development. The aim is to understand the evolution of the form style in differences variables. Since the beginning, classical art of Greek culture and Roman culture especially in the 15th century Renaissance, the ideal of ”monotheism” spirit-based form style has created the expression of chauvinism. Until today, the progress of new creative method based has changed the traditional human form style. The modern style of design and art has been completely innovative, from patterns, text, and media to the creation of computer technology type which have gradually replaced classical art form of style and creation.