納豆芽孢桿菌對白肉雞生長性能及免疫反應之飼養效果評估

Evaluation of feeding effects of Bacillus subtilis var. natto on growth performance and immune response in broiler chickens

謝尚勳(Shan-Hsum Hsieh) ； 陳盈豪(Yieng-How Chen) ； 林炳宏(Ping-Hung Lin)

《嘉大農林學報》 18卷2期 (2021/08) Pp. 27-47

摘要

本研究之目的在探討飼糧中添加不同濃度或活化處理的納豆芽孢桿菌（Bacillus subtilis var. natto, BS）及抗生素對白肉雞生長性能及免疫反應之影響。選取420隻1日齡白肉雛雞（愛拔益加），逢機分成五個處理組，每處理組3欄，每欄28隻（公母各半），雞隻飼糧於0－21日齡含粗蛋白質（crude protein；CP）23%與代謝能（metabolizable energy；ME）3165 kcal/kg及22－35日齡含CP20%與ME 3169 kcal/kg。兩階段分別於基礎飼糧中添加0%、0.1%、0.2%BS菌粉與0.2%BS（經活化處理）及抗生素（含125 ppm oxytetracycline HCl），平飼飼養，飼料與水採任食，試驗期35天。結果顯示，添加不同含量BS組或0.2%BS活化處理組及抗生素組，對白肉雞的飼料採食量、體增重及存活率各處理組間差異不顯著（P＞0.05）；飼料轉換率在22－35日齡及0－35日齡，均以餵飼0.2%BS組及0.2%BS活化處理組顯著較對照組為佳（P＜0.05）。白血球總數各處理組間差異不顯著（P＞0.05），而白血球次群中的單核球百分比以添加0.2%BS組最高，異嗜球、淋巴球及異嗜球／淋巴球之比，各組間差異不顯著（P＞0.05）。雞隻於21日齡及28日齡時之新城病血球凝集抑制反應之抗體力價，以添加0.2%BS組及抗生素組顯著較高（P＜0.05）；至於抗綿羊紅血球所產生免疫反應之抗體力價、免疫球蛋白濃度及肉髯皮膚腫脹反應，各處理組間無顯著差異（P＞0.05）。綜合以上結果，飼糧添加0.2%之BS或經活化處理，有改善雞隻的飼料轉換率，較高的單核球百分比及增強雞隻對新城病的抵抗力。

關鍵字

肉雞 ； 生長 ； 免疫反應 ； 納豆芽孢桿菌

並列摘要

The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of diet supplemented with different levels or activated treatment of Bacillus subtilis var. natto (BS) and antibiotic on growth performance and immune responses in broiler chickens. Total four hundred twenty 1-day-old chicks (Arbor Acres ) were randomly allocated into five groups. Each group had 3 repetitions (fence) with 28 broiler chickens (half male and female). Broilers diet contained CP 23% and ME 3165 kcal/kg during 0-21 days of age, and CP 20% and ME 3169 kcal/kg during 22-35 days of age. In the two stages, broilers were fed basal diet supplemented with 0%, 0.1%, 0.2% BS and 0.2% BS (activated) bacteria powder and antibiotic (containing 125 ppm oxytetracycline HCl), respectively. Feed and water were supplied ad libitum with floor feeding. The trial period was 35 days. Results showed that the feed intake, body weight gain and survival rate of broilers were not significantly different among all the groups with different content of BS or 0.2% BS activation treatment group and antibiotic group (P ＞ 0.05). Broilers fed the diet with 0.2% BS and 0.2% BS (activated), the feed conversion ratio was significantly higher than the control group during 22-35 days old and 0-35 days old (P ＜ 0.05). The total number of white blood cells had no significant difference among the groups (P ＞ 0.05), but the percentage of monocyte in the white blood cell subgroup was higher in the 0.2% BS group. As for the heterophil, lymphocyte and heterophil/lymphocyte (H/L) ratio were not significantly different among the five groups (P ＞ 0.05). The antibody titer of Newcastle disease hemagglutination inhibition reaction of broilers at 21 and 28 days of age were the highest in the 0.2% BS and antibiotic groups (P ＜ 0.05). However, the antibody titer of anti-sheep red blood cells, immunoglobulin content and wattle skin swelling reaction were not significantly different among the five groups (P ＞ 0.05). In conclusion, the addition of 0.2% BS or 0.2% BS (with activated treatment) to the diet could be more beneficial improve the feed conversion ratio, a higher percentage of monocyte and enhance the resistance to Newcastle disease for broiler chickens.

並列關鍵字

Broilers ； Growth ； Immune responses ； Bacillus subtilis var. natto