飼糧添加納豆芽孢桿菌對白肉雞消化道發育及微生物菌相之影響

Effects of dietary supplementation of Bacillus subtilis var. natto on the development of gastrointestinal tract and microflora in broiler chickens

陳盈豪(Yieng-How Chen) ； 謝尚勳(Shan-Hsum Hsieh) ； 林炳宏(Ping-Hung Lin)

《嘉大農林學報》 18卷2期 (2021/08) Pp. 49-67

摘要

本研究旨在探討飼糧中添加納豆芽孢桿菌（Bacillus subtilis var. natto, BS）對白肉雞消化道發育及腸道微生物菌相之影響。選取420隻1日齡愛拔益加白肉雛雞，逢機分成五個處理組，每處理組3重複欄，每欄28隻（公母各半），雞隻飼糧於0－21日齡含粗蛋白質23%與代謝能3165 kcal/kg及22－35日齡含粗蛋白質20%與代謝能3169 kcal/kg。兩階段分別於基礎飼糧中添加0%、0.1%、0.2%BS菌粉與0.2%經活化處理BS（BS activated; BSa）菌液及含125 ppm Oxytetracycline HCl（抗生素），平飼飼養，飼料與水採任食，試驗期35天。結果顯示，白肉雞腺胃及砂囊重量與相對重量均以抗生素組顯著較對照組為重（P＜0.05），肝臟相對重量以添加0.2% BSa組顯著較對照組及抗生素組重（P＜0.05），胰臟及脾臟重量各組間均無顯著差異。十二指腸重量以添加0.2% BS組顯著較抗生素組重（P＜0.05）；盲腸、結直腸及整段大腸重量與相對重量以對照組最輕（P＜0.05）。十二指腸之長度與相對長度，以添加0.2% BSa組最長，對照組最短（P＜0.05）；整段小腸、結直腸及大腸長度或相對長度以添加0.2% BS組及0.2% BSa組顯著較對照組長（P＜0.05），且空腸、迴腸、小腸、結直腸及大腸之長度或相對長度，均隨BS含量增加呈顯著（P＜0.05）線性增長。白肉雞十二指腸絨毛高度、黏膜層厚度及盲腸絨毛高度、絨毛周長與黏膜層厚度，均以添加0.1%BS組及0.2%BSa組顯著較抗生素組高（P＜0.05），而添加0.1%BS組有較高的盲腸絨毛寬度、絨毛面積與絨毛高度/腺窩深度之比（P＜0.05）；至於迴腸黏膜組織性狀則不受影響。迴腸中的乳酸桿菌數以0.2% BSa組顯著較對照組為高（P＜0.05），至於BS對十二指腸及盲腸的好氧菌、厭氧菌、乳酸桿菌與大腸桿菌菌數，以及迴腸中好氧菌、厭氧菌與大腸桿菌菌數各組間無顯著差異。綜合以上結果，飼糧中添加0.1－0.2% BS或0.2% BSa，有助於白肉雞腸道發育，提高迴腸中的乳酸桿菌數，對腸道微生物菌相平衡並無不利之影響。

關鍵字

肉雞 ； 腸道發育 ； 微生物菌相 ； 納豆芽孢桿菌

並列摘要

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of Bacillus subtilis var. natto (BS) on the development of gastrointestinal tract and microflora in broiler chickens. A total of 420 one-day-old Arbor Acres broiler chickens were randomly divided into five treatment groups. Each group had 3 repetitions fence with 28 broiler chickens (half male and female) and fl at feeding. Broilers diet contained crude protein 23% and metabolizable energy 3165 kcal/kg during 0-21 days, and crude protein 20% and metabolizable energy 3169 kcal/kg during 22-35 days. In the two stages, broilers were fed basal diet supplemented with 0%, 0.1%, 0.2% BS and 0.2% BSa bacteria powder and containing 125 ppm Oxytetracycline HCl (antibiotic), respectively. Feed and water were supplied ad libitum. The trial period was 35 days. Results showed that the antibiotic groups proventriculus and gizzard of broilers weight (and relative weight) were significantly heavier than the control group (P ＜ 0.05). The liver relative weight in the 0.2% BSa group had significantly heavier than those in the control group and the antibiotic group ( P ＜ 0.05). There was no significant difference in the weight of pancreas and spleen among all the groups. The weight of the duodenum in the 0.2% BS group was significantly heavier than the antibiotic group (P ＜ 0.05); but the weight and relative weight of the cecum, colon-rectum and the large intestine were the lightest in the control group (P ＜ 0.05). For the length and relative length of the duodenum, the 0.2% BS activation group was the longest, and the control group was the shortest (P ＜ 0.05). The small intestine, colon-rectum and large intestine length and relative length, which supplying 0.2% BS group and 0.2% BSa group, had significantly longer than the control group (P ＜ 0.05). The length or relative length of jejunum, ileum, small intestine, colon-rectum and large intestine were increases linearly with the increase of BS content (P ＜ 0.05). Duodenal villus height, mucosal layer thickness and cecaum villus height, villus perimeter and mucosal layer thickness of broilers, had significantly higher in the groups with 0.1% BS and 0.2% BSa than the antibiotic group (P ＜ 0.05). While adding 0.1% BS group had higher villus width, villus area and villus height/crypt depth ratio in cecaum (P ＜ 0.05), as for the ileum mucosal tissue traits was not affected. The number of lactobacillus in the ileum was significantly higher in the 0.2% BSa group than the control group (P ＜ 0.05). However, the number of aerobic bacteria, anaerobic bacteria, lactobacillus and E. coli in the duodenum and cecum, and the numbers of aerobic bacteria, anaerobic bacteria and E. coli in the ileum had no significant difference among the groups. From the above results, adding 0.1-0.2% BS or 0.2% BSa to the diet could help broiler chickens intestinal development, increase the number of lactobacilli in the ileum, and have no adverse effect on the balance of intestinal microflora.

並列關鍵字

Broiler chickens ； Intestinal development ； Microflora ； Bacillus subtilis var. natto