不同施肥下水稻之生長及氮素吸收與分佈

Growth and Uptake and Distribution of Nitrogen in Rice Plant under Different Fertilization Management

鍾仁賜(R. S. Chung) ； 王鐘和(C. H. Wang) ； 王俊文(C. W. Wang) ； 王銀波(Y. P. Wang)

《土壤與環境》 2卷1期 (1999/03) Pp. 65-76

https://doi.org/10.30058/SE.199903.0007

摘要

本研究以不同的有機肥料配合化學氮肥之施用，並以化學氮肥處理為對照，探討其對不同生育期之春作水稻之生長與氮吸收的影響，以做為肥料施用之參考。化學肥料處理區施肥量為120-60-60（N-P2O5-K2O）kg ha^(-1)，所設定的處理為1.對照區（CK）；2.化學肥料區（Chem-N）；3.堆肥區（Comp）；4.堆肥與1/3化學肥料區（Comp + 1/3 N）；5.堆肥與2/3化學肥料區（Comp + 2/3 N）；6.綠肥與1/3化學肥料區（GM + 1/3 N）；7.泥炭與1/3化學肥料區（Peat + 1/3 N）。水稻於插秧後18、32、69、117天採樣，經洗淨、分開根與莖葉，經烘乾、稱重、磨碎後做化學分析。結果顯示有效性氮的供應量顯著影響水稻的生長與氮的吸收。Chem-N處理之水稻的生長與氮的吸收量有較多的趨勢，施加堆肥之Comp、Comp + 1/3 N及Comp + 2/3 N三處理則隨添加之化學氮肥量增加而增加其生長與氮的吸收。Chem-N處理之水稻的生長與氮的吸收顯著高於Comp處理者。豬糞堆肥處理之水稻在整個生長期間之生長及氮素吸收比其他處理者有較低之趨勢，不但顯示其提供的有效性氮甚少，甚至有負面之效應。泥炭較不易分解，故Peat + 1/3 N處理主要利用所施用之化學肥料，亦無法使水稻生長良好。埃及三葉草綠肥在土壤中分解甚快，可以很快提供氮素，但是卻影響水稻成熟期間碳水化合物之向穀粒轉移。Chem-N處理每公斤氮素之表觀回收率為0.31公斤，有機肥料配合化學肥料之處理則略低。

關鍵字

水稻 ； 有機肥料 ； 氮素吸收 ； 表觀氮回收率

並列摘要

This experiment was to study the effects of different kinds of fertilizer on the growth and uptake and distribution of nitrogen (N) in rice plant during growth. The application rate of chemical fertilizer treated plot was 120-60- 60 (N-P2O5-K2O) kg ha^(-1). There were seven kinds of treatment: 1. Check (CK); 2. Chemical N fertilizer plot (Chem-N); 3. Compost plot (Comp); 4. Compost associated with one-third of chemical N as Chem-N plot (Comp + 1/3 N); 5. Compost associated with two-thirds of chemical N as Chem-N plot (Comp + 2/3 N); 6. Green manure associated with one-third of chemical N as Chem-N plot (GM + 113 N); 7. Peat associated with one-third of chemical N as Chem-N plot (Peat + 113 N). Rice plant was sampled at 18, 32, 69, and 117 days after transplanting. After being washed, plants were separated into root and shoot, dried to constant weight, and grounded. The concentration of total N was analyzed. The results indicate that application of different N fertilizers affected growth and N absorption of rice plant significantly. The growth and N absorption of rice plant of the Chem-N treatment were higher than those of the other treatments. The growth and N absorption of Comp, Comp + 1/3 N, and Comp + 2/3 N treatments increased with the increase of application rate of chemical N fertilizer. When N was supplied as organic manure without associating with chemical N fertilizer the growth of rice plant was significantly lower than that of the Chem-N treatment. During the early growth stage of rice plant, the growth and N uptake of compost treated-rice plants were low, probably due to the low N supplying ability of compost. Therefore, the growth and N uptake of rice plant in Peat + 1/3 N treatment was also low, probably due to the character of resistant decomposition of peat. Trifolium alexandrinum decomposed relatively quickly in soil, yet the translocation of carbohydrate to the grain was significantly affected. Therefore, the dry weight of rice plant was low. The apparent N recovery of Chem-N treatment was 0.31 kg N for each kg of N applied. That was the highest of all treatments.

並列關鍵字

rice plant ； organic fertilizer ； N uptake ； apparent N recovery