A large number of studies demonstrate the benefits of Just-in-Time (JIT) manufacturing in the context of large manufacturing companies where the techniques were developed. In an environment of increasingly intense global competition Small Manufacturing Enterprises (SMEs) would like to have access to the same benefits. However, SMEs experience certain limitations, as a direct consequence of their size, which may make the prerequisite condition for certain JIT initiatives difficult to satisfy raising an important practical question as to the applicability of JIT to SMEs. This paper presents a framework for discussing the barriers to implementation of JIT by SMEs based upon an analysis of six major limitations they experience. Six case studies of companies in various stages of implementation are presented and analysed using this framework, which is shown to be useful in accounting for the difficulties they have experienced and the JIT components they have chosen to implement.