婚姻的諷刺或情趣？試論凌叔華〈花之寺〉對契訶夫〈在別墅裡〉主題的繼承與再造

An Amenity or a Cage? The Comparison of Marriage Issues between Chekhov's at a Summer Villa and Ling ShuHua's Temple of Flowers

何瑄(Hsuan Ho)

《俄語學報》 18期 (2011/06) Pp. 75-100

https://doi.org/10.30399/JRP.201106_(18).0004

摘要

凌叔華是五四時期崛起的女作家，受當時文壇風氣影響，她選擇以契訶夫（A. П. Чexoв, 1860－1904）為師，借鑒其創作筆法。其短篇小說〈花之寺〉無論在作品題材、情節布局與書寫技巧等方面，皆與契訶夫小說〈在別墅裡〉（Ha ДaЧe，1886）的同質性很高。兩篇文本著重探討男女婚戀議題，透過比較兩位作家文本中表現方式的差異，可以看出兩位作家關注層面的不同：〈在別墅裡〉反映男性偷腥的心理，既諷刺婚姻的虛假，亦隱約流露對愛情的不信任感；凌叔華的創作結合五四新思潮，直指在自由戀愛風氣下，男女婚姻仍舊充滿危機，不僅破除五四時人對自由解放的迷信，也顯示新舊時代交替下，女性即使覺醒仍無法擺脫父權社會的陰影。兩篇小說皆反映由古至今男女婚姻的一大困境。

關鍵字

凌叔華 ； 契訶夫 ； 婚戀議題

並列摘要

Ling ShuHua (1900-1990), a famous female writer founded during the May Fourth Movement, was mentored by Chekhov's (1860-1904) masterpiece At a Summer Villa (1886). Her absorption in Chekhov's story can be seen clearly in theme, deve10pment of plot and action, also in writing techniques. Thematically, both stories dealt with marriage issues. However, it is obvious to distinguish the differences between Chekhov and Ling ShuHua. In ”At a summer Villa” Chekhov focused more on male's mindset in having an extramarital relation that Chekhov made a dig at essence of love and marriage. On the other hand, Ling's tales represented Chinese intellectual thought. During the May Fourth Movement, intellectuals believed they can create a new Chinese culture based on western standards. Thus, they promoted individual freedom and women's liberation as an attack on traditional values. However, in ”Temple of Flowers”, Ling pointed out that even though the feminist movement might change Chinese marriage traditions (men and women are free to choose marriage partners), marriage crisis still exist. Individual freedom is always a must issue without any proper solution so that female still live in the shadow of patriarchal society. Both stories reflected the marriage difficulties from the past to present today.

並列關鍵字

Chekhov ； Ling ShuHua ； marriage issues

參考文獻

凌叔華(1986)。《凌叔華小說集Ⅰ》。台北:洪範書局。

凌叔華(1986)。《凌叔華小說集Ⅱ》。台北:洪範書局。

契訶夫、汝龍譯(2000)。《契訶夫小說全集》。上海:上海譯文。

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王錦厚(1989)。五四新文學與外國文學。四川:四川大學出版。