互補式金氧半製程下積體壓控振盪器設計

Integrated CMOS VCO Designs

黃尊禧

《國家奈米元件實驗室奈米通訊》 16卷4期 (2009/12) Pp. 8-13

https://doi.org/10.29913/NDLC.200912.0002

摘要

由於成本的考量，應用於各種通訊領域的高整合度系統晶片需求變得相當的急迫。在另一方面，高速且大量的通訊資訊需求也趨使系統的操作頻率變高。因此，應用於射頻和毫米波頻段的互補式金氧半收發機設計也相形重要。在一個收發機中，壓控振盪器是一個很重要的功能方塊電路；它恰如收發機的「心臟」，產生特定的本地振盪頻率來完成頻率轉移。
在本文中，我們將簡單地描述一些互補式金氧半壓控振盪器的重要技術，並特別針對最近的壓控振盪器電路技術進行相關討論，包括差動式輸出和四相位輸出的壓控振盪器設計，以及LC共振腔的電感元件特質（特別是平面螺旋電感、變壓器和微帶線電感）。藉由這些論述，我們可以了解不同應用中的不同設計趨勢。我們將提出三個壓控振盪器整合設計範例。第一個例子是一個可切換6,600/7,128 MHz的四相位壓控振盪器的設計。此例係利用可切換電感值之差動式電感，以提供一個多頻帶／多標準的解決方案。第二個範例是一個利用三裂變壓器迴授以及電流再利用技巧的7 GHz四相位壓控振盪器設計。此例說明利用積體變壓器元件來設計低電壓／低功率消耗的振盪器電路。最後，我們利用微帶線電感來設計27GHz駐波振盪器。由於高Q值的電感特質，其相位雜訊與功率消耗在毫米波頻段下仍有不錯的表現。

關鍵字

壓控振盪器 ； 可切換式差動電感 ； 三裂變壓器 ； 電流再利用 ； 駐波振盪器

並列摘要

Because of the cost issue, the demand for high integration of a system into a silicon chip becomes greater in many communication application fields. On the other hand, the need for high-speed high-rate data communication drives the operation frequency of the system much higher. Therefore, the integration technologies of CMOS transceivers for the microwave and the millimeter-wave operations become gradually significant. A voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) is the key function block for a transceiver because it just plays the roll of the ”heart” of the transceiver (to do the frequency translation). In this article, we will briefly mention about some of the most important integration technologies of CMOS voltage-controlled oscillators (VCOs). Both the differential and quadrature VCOs will be addressed. The demands for the modern VCO design will be highlighted. Especially, the inductive component designs of a LC-tank, including the designs of the spiral inductors, the transformers, and the microstrip line inductors, will be briefly mentioned. From these discussions, we can realize that the different demands results from the different design purposes. Three design examples of integrated CMOS VCOs will be also given in this article. The first example is a switchable 6,600/7,128 MHz QVCO design that utilizes a switchable differential inductor. Such a design concept of switchable VCOs can also provide a solution for the multi-bands/multi-standards application. The second example is a 7 GHz QVCO design which use the trifilar-transformer-feedback and current-reused schemes. This QVCO demonstrates the low-voltage/low-power feature that utilizes an on-chip transformer. The final example will show a 27-GHz standing-wave oscillator which utilizes a wave-based microstrip line inductor. Due to the high-Q characteristics of the microstrip line inductor, the phase noise and the power dissipation can be lower in the millimeter-wave regime.

並列關鍵字

Voltage-controlled Oscillator ； Switchable Differential Inductor ； Trifilar Transformer ； Current Reuse ； Standing-wave Oscillator