具歷史素養特質的教科書設計原則探討：以德法共同歷史教科書為例

臺灣的歷史教科書以往偏向以歷史訊息傳輸為主，在課綱理念轉變為素養導向的學習下，有必要探討呼應歷史領綱之教科書設計原則。本研究先研析高中歷史領綱草案所蘊含的理念要素，並以此作為分析規準，運用教育批評取徑，分析德法共同歷史教科書及其與領綱草案的理念要素之契合度，再透過德法歷史教科書之案例及相關文獻討論，抽繹出設計要領，探討教科書中如何體現歷史素養學習的特質。研究歸納出五點教材設計原則：以問題引導課文內容、鑲入一二手史料文獻、作者及出處的現聲與現身、提供歷史學習的鷹架、提供動手做歷史的機會與經驗，期望藉由掌握教科書與學生學習歷史之間的關係，激盪出更多歷史教科書的設計與轉化潛能。

關鍵字

歷史素養；德法共構；歷史；教科書；教育批評取徑

並列摘要

Current history textbooks in Taiwan tend to be based on transmitting historical events and information. As the core idea of the new curriculum guidelines in Taiwan gets changed into a competence-based learning, it is vital to explore the principles designing the textbooks that respond to the history curriculum guidelines. This research examined the ideas drafted for the guidelines for senior high schools, using criteria below for analysis. Through the approach of an educational criticism, this study analyzed the German-Franco joint version history textbook to see how it corresponds to the ideas of history curriculum guidelines. The German-Franco version is also used to discuss how history textbooks could promote the quality of competence-based learning, summarized as several suggestions for designing the history textbooks, like posing-question teaching materials, embedding multiple-sources of texts, authors, and references, scaffolding historical learning, and offering tasks to learn more related history. All of these would ultimately help learners to understand more the relationship between textbooks and history.