德國社會法法典第一冊－總則－之探討

本文首先從歷史角度介紹德國社會法法典第一冊「總則」之立法背景、立法與修法。其次按法條編排順序略述規範內容，繼而介紹此總則篇重點，最後從立法技術角度就該內容提出個人看法。第一部分：立法背景的撰寫，始於社會法法典（Sozialgesetzbuch）概念被提出於德國，而制定總則（Allgemeiner Teil）的概念，最早則出現方合Rothenfelser Denkschrift報告書，所以文中也對該報告書所提到的「為什麼要有總則篇」加以闡釋。此外，基於後續的修法與兩德統一對總則篇所帶來的變動，則於本段末了將重要的與最近的修法一併做說明。鑑於社會法法典化重點在將社會給付（Sozialleistung）制度法律化，第二部分乃根據法條規定順序，先就法條架構概略介紹，繼而以通說見解對規範內容按章節加以敘述說明。又因為總則篇的制定，係對當時社會政策的回應，其未經太多爭執即完成立法，而之後社會法法典又增加第十冊社會行政程序篇（Sozialverwaltungsverfahren und Sozialdatenschutz），與第一冊共列為通說所謂的「總則」，以致現行第一冊總則篇仍不免存在些許爭議，例如，宜屬於第十冊範圍者，卻置於第一冊......等，故而於第三部分嘗試從立法技術角度對第一冊總則篇之規範內容提出個人看法。

關鍵字

總則；社會給付；社會法法典；德國

並列摘要

This article first addresses the historical aspects regarding the background, legislation and amendment of the German General Rule in Social Code. An introduction about the outlines and contents of the law is followed. Then, a discussion based on the legislative technical aspect is held. The first section reviews the formation of the law. Germany was one of the countries dealing with the issues and notions of the Social Code. The earliest written concept regarding the General Rule was appeared in the ＂Rothenfelser Denkschrift＂. This section explains the reasons that the commissioners addressed the importance to legislate General Rule in Social Code. A discussion follows to indicate the important and recent amendments of the General Rule. The process of Codification is to legislate for the institute of Social Benefits. Based on it the second section follows the sequence of the law to introduce its outlines, and then discuss its contents. The third section is a critique to the contents. Due to the lack of detailed/careful consideration during the legislative period some arguments were occurred. Especially when Book X, and Book I consist of the ＂General Rule of the Social Code＂, many German scholars expressed their disagreements. What Regular should fit in the Book I will be discussed in this critique.