德國社會法法典之沿革與簡介

從俾斯麥時代起，德國已有疾病保險(1883)、傷害保險(1884)、年金保險(1889)等社會立法，其後又有一九二七年起的失業保險，一九九五年起的長期照護保險。一九一一年以社會保險等為內涵的帝國保險法，被認為是繼民法典之後，另一步偉大的法典；然歷經第一次世界大戰、威瑪共和、第三帝國與第二次世界大戰等動盪年代，不同的政治、法律、經濟、社會背景所產生的社會法如多頭馬車，如何以自由和社會安全為基礎，在憲法的委託下，實踐基本法第二十條社會法治國的精神，成為二次大戰後，德國法制上一大工程。本文首先介紹社會法法典的制定背景與社會法發展，嘗試介紹自俾斯麥時期至今德國社會法與得過社會法法典化的歷史；其次，扼要介紹現行社會法法典內容；最後，就這部尚未編纂完成的社會法法典所產生的問題點。諸如：法典內容的編排順序、法典化目的的達成、未來展望等問題加以探討，期待從德國的法典化經驗帶給我國社會福利法規範的立法與修法參考。

關鍵字

社會法法典；社會法；法典化；德國

並列摘要

Since the time of Bismark Germany has had a strong and strengthening social legislation. Witness: the Medical Insurance Act (1883), Accident Insurance Act (1884), Pensions Scheme (1884), Unemployment Insurance Act (from 1927) and from 1995 the Long-Term Care Insurance. Alongside the German Civil Code of 1896, the Imperial Insurance Code of 1911 provided the most extensive codification of rights in Germany. After the First World War, the Weimar Republic, and particularly in the wake of World War II, the social system was notably extended with grants of individual benefit rights - with their roots in a variety of political concepts, legal and economic principles and social approaches. The welfare state laws in Article 20 of the 1949 Basic Law reflected the opinons of much of the post-war legal writing: practical realization of the constitutional demands shows the interplay between the provision of social security and the protection of individual freedom. The thesis examines the background and development of the social legislation, looking at the historical context and the codification process from the time of Bismarck to the statute book of the present day. It discusses difficulties of social legislation, with regard to the organization of statutes, the achievement of the goals of codification and some problems of the future. It remains to hope that the experiences which have been gained in Germany could be helpfully applied to the implementation of social legislation in Taiwan.

並列關鍵字

social code ； social law ； codification ； Germany

參考文獻

Eichenhofer, Eberhard, Sozialrecht, 3.Aufl., Mohr Siebeck, 2003.

Google Scholar

Eichenhofer, Eberhard, “Social Security Code -Code de la sécurité social -Sozialgesetzbuch”, Verfassung, Theorie und Praxis des Sozialstaats, Festschrift für Hans F. Zacher zum 70 Geburtstag, C.F.Müller, 1998.