學童口腔保健行為與齲齒之探討

The Association between Oral Health Behavior and Caries in School Children

張雀鳳(Chueh-Feng Chang) ； 楊奕馨(Yi-Hsin Yang)

《Taiwan Journal of Oral Medicine Sciences》 23卷2期 (2007/10) Pp. 119-132

https://doi.org/10.7059/TJOMS.200710.0119

摘要

研究目的：本研究目的主要是探討國小學童口腔保健行為及其相關影響因素。
研究方法：以高雄縣某公立國小－至五年級學童為研究對象，針對每位學童進行口腔狀況檢查與問卷調查，每個年級各隨機選出3個班級，共15個班級，男生279人、女生225人，總計504人做為研究調查對象。
研究結果：乳牙齲齒盛行率平均75.14%，deft index平均2.07顆，填補率53.19%，恆牙齲齒盛行率平均46.57%，DMFT index平均1.11顆，填補率60.50%；學童除正餐外吃零食習慣以低年級以一天一次以上較多佔34.85%，高年級則以偶而但不是每天較多佔54.02%，在調整過性別、年齡、父母教育程度、職業及刷牙習慣等重要影響因素之後，發現女生比男生有較高的恆牙齲齒盛行率，而恆牙在盛行率、DMFT index及齲齒數皆呈現統計上顯著性差異(p=0.0255; 0.0030; 0.0234)。而在乳牙齲齒盛行率及齲齒指數方面並無明顯差別。而研究中也發現主要影響學童口腔健康來自家庭因素。
討論及結論：在本研究也發現恆牙齲齒盛行率及齲齒指數在10歲的DMFT index由1.98顆至11歲的3.04顆增加了1.06顆；齲齒盛行率在9歲的49.07%至10歲的76.60%及11歲的92.86%分別增加了27.53%及16.26%。在學童潔牙行為上，以餐後有潔牙習慣者比未實行餐後潔牙者有較低的齲齒數（0.28及0.62）逹統計上顯著性差異(p=0.0002)，恆牙齲齒指數亦呈現顯著相關(p=0.0016)，在恆牙填補率也呈現顯著性差異(p=0.0112)，顯示家庭因素不是一個因果因素，但是他透過其他可變因素影響齲蝕。所以健康促進不只須注重於健康及健康有關的行為，也應該在健康及健康行為與環境之間的關係。

關鍵字

口腔保健 ； 齲齒盛行率

並列摘要

Aim: The aim of this research is to evaluate the relationship between oral health behavior and its related factors of elementary school children.
Methods: There were 504 school children (279 boys and 225 girls) recruited from first grade to fifth grade of an elementary school in Kaohsiung County. Each school child received an oral health examination and finished a questionnaire of demography characteristics, and knowledge and behavior toward oral health.
Results: The result showed that the caries prevalence of primary dentition was 75.14%, the mean deft index was 2.07, and the filing rate was 53.19%. The caries prevalence of permanent teeth was 46.57%, the mean DMFT index was 1.11, and the filling rate was 60.50%. For eating snacks between meals ,the highest prevalence rates was 34.85% in the lower grades for once a day, and in the senior grades, most school children reported eating snacks sometimes but not everyday (54.02%). After adjusting sex, age and tooth brushing habits of children, and education and occupation levels of parents, it was found that girls have more caries of permanent teeth than the boys. The prevalence, DMFT index and numbers of caries in permanent teeth were statistically significantly different in gender (p=0.0255; 0.0030; 0.0234). However, the prevalence and numbers of caries in primary dentition are not statistical different. Domestic factors were the key to influence oral health of school children.
Discussion and Conclusion: In this study, we found that DMFT index increased 1.06 from 1.98 for 10 years old to 3.04 for 11 years old. The caries prevalence was 49.07% for 9 years old, 76.60% for 10 years old and 92.86% for 11 years old, increased 27.53% and 16.26%, respectively. In tooth brushing behavior, students with brushing habits after eating have lower caries numbers than others (0.28 vs 0.62). We found statistically significantly difference (p=0.0002). We also found statistically significantly difference in DMFT index (p=0.0016) and the filling rate (p=0.0112) in permanent teeth. It showed that domestic factors are not a causal factor, but they can effect caries through other variables. We suggest that health promotion is not only target on health and its related behaviors, but also target on health and the relationship between health behaviors and environment.

並列關鍵字

Oral health ； Caries prevalence