冷戰結束後的複雜國際情勢,使得國際關係中安全的範圍和議題研究更為擴展,當前國際關係理論安全研究架構已無法滿足目前研究所需。在過去,文化及認同因素被認為是解釋國際現象的「最後選擇」,但目前它已經成為國際關係研究的重要課題,主流國際關係理論諸如新現實主義與新自由主義對這兩項議題也較以往更為關注。Latham認為在國際關係理論中,文化與認同等社會學面向因素的探討是一項「強勁的知識開展動作」。由此衍生的諸多觀點,如建構主義(constructivism)、反思主義(reflectivism)、後現代主義(postmodernism)、女性主義(feminism)等,它們在國際關係研究領域中也愈來愈受到重視。本文嘗試透過文化與認同因素的分析,重新檢視國際關係的安全研究,同時探究它們在安全研究領域中所產生的影響。
This article argues the important influence of culture and identity in national security studies. In my viewpoint, I think culture and identity have become powerful elements in security studies. After Cold War, The material factor is not only the basic of national security, at the same time, the culture clash has become another potential factor that influence the national and international security. The 911 are the best example. In this article, I try to survey the international relations theory by culture and identity factors, and try to know the influence of culture and identity in security research of international relations. I have three points of conclusion: 1. Culture and identity have become important factors of national security. 2. The scholar of mainstream international theory (like neo-realism and neo-liberalism) have pay more attention to culture and identity research. 3. It is very important that combine the cultural and material factors of national security research. The effective culture strategy will improve the function of national security policy.