美國緊急應變管理機制之改革：國土安全之概念分析

The Reform of America's Emergency Management Mechanism: An Analysis of the Homeland Security Concept

朱蓓蕾(Pei-Lei Chu)

《遠景基金會季刊》 13卷2期 (2012/04) Pp. 47-97

https://doi.org/10.7063/PQ.201204.0047

摘要

911事件後，美國積極建構國土安全體制，從美國政府的實踐經驗與學界研究發現，其國土安全政策從前期著重反恐，到卡崔娜颶風後轉向重視人為災難與天然災害之「全災害」防救及韌力，並針對緊急應變管理機制適時提出制度改革，在國土安全體制下強調各組織間之協調、聯繫與整合。本文從國土安全概念分析美國國土安全體系之建構、緊急應變管理機制之重整，探討國土安全與緊急應變之關聯性，以及美國因應非傳統安全威脅相關政府危機管理策略之實踐。

關鍵字

國土安全 ； 緊急應變 ； 災害防救 ； 危機管理 ； 非傳統安全

並列摘要

Since the start of the 21(superscript st) century, significant and unexpected non-traditional security threats have increasingly spread around the world, and have included natural disasters in northeastern Japan in 2011 and man-made disasters on September 11, 2001. Following the 911 incident, the government of the United States has actively established its homeland security system. Based on its practical experience and academic research, the focus has shifted from the early phase of counter-terrorism to the preparedness and resilience to disasters in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina. A reform of the emergency management mechanism has been proposed, with particular emphasis being placed on organizational coordination and integration under the homeland security system. This paper analyzes the infrastructure of the U.S. homeland security system and the reform of the emergency management mechanism. The correlation between homeland security and its emergency response are also discussed along with the application in responding to non-traditional security threats.

並列關鍵字

Homeland Security ； Emergency Management ； Disaster Rescue and Relief Operations ； Crisis Management ； Non-Traditional Security

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馬英九()。