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「中國式民主制度」的生成動力:內生性制度變遷的解釋

The Driving Forces Generating Chinese-style Democratic Institutions: An Explanation in terms of Endogenous Institutional Change

摘要


本文以內生性制度變遷觀點說明「觀念啟發」、「紅線區」與「權力結構」論,此三者較適於探討人大組織制度、黨代會常任制、村委會組織制度生成原因。本文指出馬列主義、毛、鄧思想等,影響人大民主、黨內民主與社會民主的發展順序。從「三大民主」制度比較中,可得知一旦違反改革底線,制度便無法生成;若不違反「紅線區」與「四個堅持原則」,則制度可被逐漸落實。因而,相對多數的支持力量僅能增添黨代會常任制的相關規範,不足以促使此制度正式落實。

並列摘要


In terms of endogenous institutional change, concepts such as "idea enlightenment," "red-line area" and "power structure" are more suitable to explain factors which generate the institution of the National People's Congress (NPC), the permanent system of the party congress, and the institution of the village committees in authoritarian China. The paper finds that Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong's thought and Deng Xiaoping's thought, respectively, influence the developmental sequence of NPC democracy, intra-party democracy, and socialist democracy. Comparison of the three major democratic institutions suggests that democratic institutions cannot be realized if they violate the reform's bottom line. Only when a democratic institution does not challenge the "red-line area" and the "Four Cardinal Principles", can it be gradually realized. Relative plurality of political support will improve the pertinent regulations for the permanent system of the party congress, but are not sufficient to formally implement the institution.

參考文獻


王長江、張曉燕、張榮臣(2007)。黨代會常任制理論與實踐探索:台州黨代會常任制的個案分析。北京:中共中央黨校出版社。
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李凡(2008)。中國民主的前沿探索-中國民主發展的實踐、理論、路徑和戰略。北京:世界與中國研究所。
李酉潭(2011)。自由人權與民主和平:台灣民主化的核心價值。臺北:五南。
吳國光(1997)。趙紫陽與政治改革。臺北:遠景出版社。

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