潘岳〈閑居賦〉與謝靈運〈山居賦〉之比較

許恬怡

《輔大中研所學刊》 14期 (2004/09) Pp. 35-52

https://doi.org/10.29444/JGICLDFJCU.200409.0002

摘要

潘岳和謝靈運，是西晉與東晉時期著名的作家。他們的文章在歷代的評論家眼中，皆有相當的評價，有些亦具有爭議性。尤其是潘岳的〈閑居賦〉與謝靈運的〈山居賦〉。潘岳的〈閑居賦〉詞工句麗，宛轉流暢，全篇充滿了飄然出世的高速之致。可是由於史書所載的潘岳人格低下，熱衷仕途，後人十分懷疑這篇賦作的真實感情。同樣的，謝靈運的〈山居賦〉也讓人對謝靈運是否真心喜愛山居生活而心生疑問。錢鐘書在〈管錐篇〉就提出：「元好間〈論詩〉：『心畫心聲總失真，文章寧復見為人？高情千古〈閑居賦〉，爭識安仁拜路塵！』實則潘岳白慨拙盲免宮，快快不平，矯激之惰，欲蓋彌彰；靈運此作祇言『抱疾就閑』心自禪玄，詞氣恬退；苟曰『失真』〈山居〉過於〈閑居〉矣！」毫無疑問，後人皆認為這兩篇都是虛偽的高調。〈論詩〉指潘岳矯作高情，以掩飾他熱中仕途、卑躬屈膝的醜行。錢鍾書則認為謝靈運的山居賦比閑居賦更失真。然而矯情造作，沒有真實感情，能寫出這樣情文並茂、格調高雅的文章嗎？這樣的看法是值得商榷的。本文就以此二賦之寫作背景、內容、思想異同，作一番比較，期待能有新的發現。

關鍵字

謝靈運 ； 潘岳 ； 山居賦 ； 閑居賦 ； 六朝賦 ； 隱逸思想

並列摘要

Pan Vue and Xie Ling-yun were writers of West Jin and East Jin Dynasty. Their works, in the views of every generation's critics, were highly evaluated; however, some were controversy. especially Pan Vue's Leisure Living Lyric and Xie Ling-yun's Mountain Living Lyric. Pan Vue's Leisure Lyric is parallel and beautiful like a running creek and full of the image of heavenly high far peace. However, according to the description of history, Pan Vue's personality was mean and enthusiasm on being high rank official. The later generations are doubt about the reality of his lyric. Similarly, Xie Ling-yun's Mountain Living Lyric also makes people doubt whether X,ie Ling-yun really enjoyed the mountain living or not. Quian Zhong-shu in his Pipe Cone Chapter pointed out: ＂Yuan Hao-Wen On Poems: 'Heart's painting and heart's voice are always unreality. Do we rather know the author's personality by their works? After writing the noblest lyric of the time Leisure Living Lyric, Pan struggled to be acquainted with the officials and even kneed down to the dust of their horse and carriage'. But actually, Pan Vue was depressed and complaining of losing official position; his feeling of hypocrite was revealed instead of hiding. Ling-yun's work only says 'being leisure because of sickness' from his heart of mysterious Chan, and his voice is rather retreated. If we are talking about 'unreal', then, Mountain Living Lyric is over than Leisure Living Lyric＂. No doubt, the later generations all consider these two articles are both hypocritical with high tone. On Poem Points out that Pan Vue was hypocritical to cover up his enthusiasm on being high rank official and kneed down's behavior. However, Quian Zhong-shu considered Xie Ling-yuri's Mountain Living Lyric is more unreal than Leisure Living Lyric. Nevertheless, with hypocritically faking untrue feelings, can they write such classic elegant works with passions and literary? Such kind of viewpoint is worthy reconsideration. This thesis is to review and compare these two lyrics on their writing backgrounds, contents, the likeness and difference of their thoughts. The author hopes there will be a new discovery.

並列關鍵字

Xie Ling-yun ； Pan Vue ； Mountain Living Lyric ； Leisure Living Lyric ； Six Dynasty Lyric ； HidingLeisure Thought