論《紅樓夢》中的笑話之對景性－以鳳姐為例

On the Occasional Yokes in ＂The Dream of Red Chamber＂ with Wang Xifeng as an Example

柳至芳(Zhi-Fang Liu)

《輔大中研所學刊》 17期 (2007/04) Pp. 153-172

https://doi.org/10.29444/JGICLDFJCU.200704.0008

摘要

《紅樓夢》作為一部偉大的文學作品，不僅代表著中國古典小說藝術之最高峰，而且是集中國古代傳統文化之大成。在精彩絕艷的紅樓世界裡，紅樓笑話的重要性不容小覷。曹雪芹於書中多處不以平鋪直敘的方式說理道情，反而以笑話寓示命運、描繪人物，並借人物間之對話來推展情節、烘托情景，同時，也藉由笑話的對比性，來表達其對世事及人性的嘲弄，使讀者於一片歡欣笑鬧中，透過作者以喜映悲、莊諧交遞、悲喜辯證的寫作手法，更能解其哀音，讀出其中味。書中鳳姐的形象既鮮明精彩又豐富多樣，其形象之所以成功的最大特點即在其語言的諧趣性。曹雪芹賦予鳳姐說笑話的才華，使她能勝任紅樓裡的社會職分和家族身分，並使其形象更具體而可親。本文以《紅樓夢》一書中由鳳姐講述與關乎鳳姐的笑話為例，理出它們對《紅樓夢》一書之整體藝術所造成的影響與效果，進而從鳳姐的語言及其形象中，逐步呼應、扣緊全書的主題，使護者理解何以其書處處寫極歡樂笑語之事，卻隱然覺其道盡衰敗沒落之悲。書中鳳姐的形象既鮮明精彩又豐富多樣，其形象之所以成功的最大特點即在其語言的諧趣性。曹雪芹賦予鳳姐說笑話的才華，使她能勝任紅樓裡的社會職分和家族身分，並使其形象更具體而可親。本文以《紅樓夢》一書中由鳳姐講述與關乎鳳姐的笑話為例，理出它們對《紅樓夢》一書之整體藝術所造成的影響與效果，進而從鳳姐的語言及其形象中，逐步呼應、扣緊全書的主題，使讀者理解何以其書處處寫極歡樂笑語之事，卻隱然覺其道盡衰敗沒落之悲。

關鍵字

紅樓夢 ； 笑話 ； 鳳姐（王熙鳳） ； 對景性 ； 悲喜辯證

並列摘要

As a great masterpiece of the literature, the book ＂A Dream of Red Chamber＂ is not only a representative to lead the art of Chinese tradition novel to the peak, but also the comprehensive expression of the traditional Chinese culture. In the splendid and colorful world of this novel, we can not ignore the importance of the jokes to this novel. Cao Xueqin spreads the plot and sets off the scenes by jokes to predict the doomed fate, to depict the characters, and to converse with various characters, instead of reasoning things out and narrating the affection by a flat and straightforward style in many places. By means of contrast, the author also expresses his mocking at the contemporary society and humanity. In a delightful atmosphere, the sorrow of the author is apparently highlighted by the contrast between joy and grieve, between alternate solemnity and comicality, and between dialectic of joy and grieve. Wang Xifeng in ＂The Dream of Red Chamber＂ is a vivid character that is full of plentiful and multiple depictions. The most part of the success in depicting the characters is assigned to the wittiness if its language. Cao Xueqin endows Wang Xifeng with the gift to tell jokes that make her competent to the social position and family role. Furthermore, the convincing description makes the image of the Wang Xifeng more concrete and intimate. Taking the jokes from or about Wang Xifeng for example, this essay sources out the influence and effect of the jokes on the integral artistry of this novel, and further perceives why the author exposes insensibly the sorrow and tragedy of the decadence of his time in providing a large number of detailed descriptions of joyous and bantering events, by responding to the characterization and language of Wang Xifeng step by step and pursuing the theme of this novel.

並列關鍵字

＂The Dream of Red Chamber＂ ； Occasional Jokes ； Wang Xifeng