懷舊團體於護理之家的發展及其對住民之療效因素探討

The Development of a Reminiscence Group Therapy and Its Therapeutic Factors for the Elder Residents in Nursing Home

趙淑員(Shu-Yuan Chao) ； 劉杏元(Hsing-Yuan Liu) ； 陳曉容(Chaio-Rung Chen)

《健康促進暨衛生教育雜誌》 25期 (2005/12) Pp. 1-20

摘要

本研究旨在透過團體的方式，期能瞭解懷舊團體於長期照護機構中進行的歷程與促進療效之因素，以建構本土化老人懷舊團體的模式。
懷舊團體共舉辦三個月，每週一次，每次一小時。共有12位住民參與此團體。團體進行過程全程錄影與錄音，經轉錄為文字之後。逐字逐句加以分析。並參考備忘錄，過程錄影之錄影帶，以及護理之家工作人員之臨床觀察。依Miles & Huberman(1994)所提出的質性資料分析方法，萃取資料的意義，並對照Yalom(1985)提出的團體療效因素以了解團體的歷程及所呈現的治療因素。
結果發現，團體進行過程歷經介紹期、工作期、結束期等三個階段。在團體之歷程中所反映出之主題包含艱辛的歲月、擬定人生目標的過程、家庭之滋養、豐功偉業、自我實現、未完成的志向及力量的來源等。團體之療效因子則發現具有利他性(Altruism)、普遍性(Universal)、宣洩作用(Catharsis)、存在因素(Existential factor)及社會化(Socialization)等治療因子。

關鍵字

懷舊團體 ； 療效因子

並列摘要

This study used the reminiscence group therapy to understand the process of using the reminiscence group in the long term care institutions, and the factors in improving the curative effects in order to develop a model of elderly reminiscence group.
The activity of reminiscence grouping was conducted for three months once a week for an hour. There were twelve people participated in the group. The entitle process of conducting the group were videotaped and recorded. The data were transcribed word by word. Also memos, notes, tapes, and the clinical observation of working employees in the nursing home were consulted. Using the method of Miles and Huberman's qualitative analysis to catch the meaning inside the data and also comparing Yalom's therapeutic factors of group therapy in order to understand the effect of the reminiscence group for the elder residents.
The results showed that the process of grouping included orientation phase, working phase and the ending phase. The therapeutic factors have been identified including, altruism, universal, catharsis, existential factor and socialization.
Moreover, the process of group has showed the themes of hard time, the process of life goal, family love, accomplishment, self realization, unfinished goals and the origin of power.

並列關鍵字

Reminiscence group ； Therapeutic Factors