臺北縣家長對學童採取近視預防行爲及其相關因素研究

Investigating Influences of Parents' Adoption on the Prevention of Myopia for Children in Taipei County

沈希哲(Hsi-Che Shen) ； 陳政友(Cheng-Yu Chen) ； 劉婉柔(Wan-Jou Liu) ； 黃世欣(Shih-Hsin Huang) ； 盧玉玫(Yu-Mei Lu) ； 蔡宛珊(Wan-Shan Tsai) ； 謝雅萍(Ya-Ping Hsieh)

《健康促進暨衛生教育雜誌》 28期 (2008/12) Pp. 83-110

摘要

本研究採橫斷式調查研究法，來探討家長對於學童採取近視預防行為的相關因素。以九十六學年度，就讀於臺北縣國小一年級學童的家長為研究對象，並以立意選取某國小一年級學童家長230人為樣本。研究結果有以下重要發現：
一、研究對象在學童近視預防知識方面，對於近視之意涵與近視預防知識尚欠佳，此外，對於學童採取近視預防行為方面，亦屬中等程度，仍有很大的努力空間。
二、研究對象之「學童近視預防知識」會因母親近視與否、家庭社經地位及學童學業總成績之不同而有顯著差異；「自覺學童近視罹患性」會因父、母親近視與否之不同而有顯著差異；「自覺學童近視嚴重性」方面會因學童學業總成績之不同而有顯著差異；「自覺學童近視預防有效性」會因家庭社經地位之不同而有顯著差異；「自覺學童近視預防障礙性」會因母親近視與否及家庭社經地位之不同而有顯著差異；「學童近視預防行動線索」會因家庭社經地位之不同而有顯著差異；「學童近視預防自我效能」與「對學童採取近視預防行為」則會因學童學業總成績及家庭社經地位之不同而有顯著差異。
三、若研究對象之學童近視預防知識、自覺學童近視嚴重性、自覺學童近視預防有效性、學童近視預防行動線索以及學童近視預防自我效能越高，且自覺學童近視預防障礙性越低者，則較願意對學童採取近視預防行為。
四、研究對象之學童近視預防知識、學童近視預防健康信念、學童近視預防行動線索、學童近視預防自我效能與社會人口學變項一起預測「對學童採取近視預防行為」時，可解釋總變異量的42.6%；其中預測對學童採取近視預防行為的主要因素為「父親近視與否」、「學童近視預防行動線索」、「自覺學童近視預防有效性」及「學童近視預防自我效能」等四項，而其中以「學童近視預防自我效能」最具預測力。

關鍵字

健康信念模式 ； 學童近視預防自我效能 ； 學童近視預防行為 ； 家長

並列摘要

The main purpose of this study was to investigate the influences of parents' adoption on the prevention of myopia for children using the cross-sectional survey. The sample school in Taipei County was non-randomly assigned based on the main purpose of the study. There were 230 samples who were parents of the first grade students in the sample school in 2007. The major findings of the study are as follows:
1. The scores of the mechanism of myopia development and the knowledge to prevent myopia for children were not good enough. Furthermore, the level of parents' adoption on the prevention of myopia for children was the moderate level and still had to make great progress.
2. Participants who answered ”Knowledge of myopia prevention” were influenced by the following factors: whether the mother of the child suffers from myopia, SES (The family's social/economic status), and the child's academic records were emerged significant difference. Participants ”School children's perceived susceptibility to myopia” were influenced by the following factors: whether the parents of the child suffers from myopia were emerged significant difference. Participants ”School children's perceived severity to myopia” were influenced by factors such as the child's academic records were emerged significant difference. Participants ”School children's perceived benefits of taking action to myopia” were influenced by factors such as SES were emerged significant difference. Participants ”School children's perceived barriers of taking action to myopia” were influenced by the following factors: whether the mother of the child suffers from myopia, and SES were emerged significant difference. Participants ”Taking prevention for school children's myopia cue in action” were influenced by factors such as SES were emerged significant difference. Participants ”Self- efficacy in myopic prevention for school children” and ”adoption myopic prevention measures for their children” were influenced by factors such as the child's academic records, and SES. Participants that: ”Knowledge of myopia prevention”, ”School children's perceived severity to myopia”, ”School children's perceived benefits of taking action to myopia”, ”Taking prevention for school children's myopia cue in action”, are highly ”Self- efficacy in myopic prevention for school children”, has encountered few ”School children's perceived barriers of taking action to myopia”, have a higher tendency to adopt myopic prevention measures for their children.
4. Participants following factors: ”Knowledge of myopia prevention”, ”Health belief in myopic prevention for school children”, ”Taking preventative for school children's myopia cue in action”, ”Self- efficacy in myopic prevention for school children” and ”the Demographical variables” could explain 42.7% of the variance. Of them, ”Self- efficacy in myopic prevention for school children” is the most important predictors.

並列關鍵字

health belief model ； self- efficacy ； preventive measures for child myopia ； parents