社會資本與公民意識：世代差異的比較

Social Capital and Public Citizenship: Comparing Generation Differences

王光旭(Guang-Xu Wang) ； 蔡子弘(Tzu-Hung Tsai)

《公共行政學報》 63期 (2022/09) Pp. 51-102

https://doi.org/10.30409/JPA.202209_(63).0002

摘要

本研究從網絡途徑社會資本理論的觀點出發，討論社會資本與公民意識的關連性，並兼論世代之間的差異，非但與西方Putnam團體格局的社會資本論述有差距，也有助於理解華人社會意涵下，社會資本對公民意識的影響。本研究發現：（1）個人社會資本對公民意識有正向顯著影響；（2）第一世代的社會資本與公民意識相較於其他世代低；（3）第四世代公民意識普遍較高，但在高社會資本的狀況下，第一代民眾在公民意識提升較為明顯。本研究為公民意識的形塑與發展，提供一個與Putnam不同的解釋基礎，期望能為臺灣社會公民意識的發展提供新的研究與思維方向。

關鍵字

公民意識 ； 社會資本 ； 定位法 ； 社會網絡 ； 世代差異

並列摘要

The present research aims to explore the relationship between individual social capital and citizenship and also the difference between different political generations. This research reveals how social capital differs between western and eastern societies, and also helps to understand the impact of social capital on citizenship in Chinese society. The findings show that: (1) individual social capital has a significantly positive impact on public citizenship; (2) the social capital and citizenship of the first generation are lower than that of other generations; (3) the fourth generation pervasively has a higher level of citizenship, yet under the condition of high social capital, the citizenship of the first generation is on a higher level. This research demonstrates a distinct interpretation based on a personal network perspective of social capital different from Putnam's, on the formation and development of citizenship. Hopefully, the research can help build a new direction for research ideas in the development of public citizenship in Taiwan.

並列關鍵字

citizenship ； social capital ； position generator ； social network ； generational differences

參考文獻

包正豪（2009）。臺灣地區民眾領袖情結的世代差異。選舉評論，（7），45-68。Pao, Cheng-Hao (2009). Taiwan di qu min zhong ling xiu qing kie de shi dai cha yi [The diversity of the leadership complex in terms of political generation]. The Journal of Election Review, (7), 45-68.

李宗榮（2012）。探索風險投資的社會機制：社會資本與股市、共同基金的參與。人文及社會科學集刊，24（4），439-467。Li, Zong-Rong (2012). Tan suo feng xian tou zi de she hui ji zhi: She hui zi ben yu gu shi, gong tong ji jinde tsan yu [Exploring social mechanisms behind risky financial investments: Social capital and participation in stock markets and mutual funds]. Journal of Social Sciences and Philosophy, 24(4), 439-467.

周愫嫻（2014）。偏差與犯罪。載於王振寰、瞿海源（編），社會學與臺灣社會（第四版）（89-117 頁）。臺北：巨流。Jou, Su-Syan (2014). Pian cha yu fan zui [Deviation and crime]. In Wang, Jenn-Hwan & Chiu, Hei-Yuan (Ed.). She hui xue yu Taiwan she hui (di si ban) [Sociology and Taiwan 4th]. (pp. 89-117). Taipei: Chuliu Press.

林火旺（1998）。公民身分：認同和差異。載於蕭高彥、蘇文流（編），多元主義（379-409 頁）。臺北：中央研究院中山人文社會科學研究所。Lin, HuoWang (1998). Gong min shen fen ren tong he cha yi [Citizenship identity and difference]. In Shaw, Carl K. Y. & Su, Wen-Liu (Ed.). Duo yuan zhu yi[Cultural pluralism]. (pp. 379-409). Taipei: Research Center for Humanities and Social Sciences Press.

林宗弘（2015）。再探臺灣的世代政治：交叉分類隨機效應模型的應用，1995-2010。人文及社會科學集刊，27（2），395-436。Lin, Thung-Hong (2015). Zai tan Taiwan de shi dai zheng zhi: Jiao cha fen lei sui ji xiao ying mo xing de ying yong, 1995-2010 [Generational politics in Taiwan revisited: Application of a cross-classified random effects model, 1995-2010]. Journal of Social Sciences and Philosophy, 27(2), 395-436.