番木瓜植株性別決定與花器變動

番木瓜是重要的經濟果樹，具雌株、兩性株及雄株三種性型植株。番木瓜植株性別決定之推論包括：性染色體控制、性染色體－體染色體平衡系統與性別決定基因控制。目前證據顯示可能由性染色體或性別決定基因所決定。番木瓜個別花朵性別表現，除了受植株性別控制外，因應營養、外界環境之變化，花器構造會受影響而改變。主要影響因子包括：肥料與水分供應、溫度、光照、植物生長調節劑或化學藥劑處理、積儲與供源活力及品種性狀遺傳、花器分化MADS-box基因。常見之花器分化變動有：兩性花之雄蕊心皮化則偏雌性，果實呈圓形；兩性花的雌蕊退化以致心皮數減少，則為雄性化的兩性花，若嚴重偏雄造成落果，輕微偏雄化則呈香蕉形果實；若雄花內退化雌花器分化成雌蕊，則可正常發育成為兩性花而著果等。瞭解番木瓜之植株性別決定，以及花器分化形成之調控機制，將有助於穩定生產正常優良果型之果實。

關鍵字

番木瓜；花器決定基因； MADS box 基因；花性表現；植株性別決定

並列摘要

Papaya (Carica papaya L.) is an economically important fruit tree. Papaya plants are polygamous, with three sex types of female, male and hermaphrodite. The hypotheses which have been proposed to explain papaya's sex determination include classical XY chromosomes, a genic balance of sex chromosome over autosomes and sex determination genes. It is generally believed that the sex of papaya plants may be determined by sex chromosomes or sex-determining genes. The individual floral sex expression is not only controlled by plant sex, but also effected by nutrition and environment conditions. The major factors include: fertilizer and water supply, temperature, light, applications of plant growth regulator or chemicals, activities of sink and source, varieties and floral organ identity MADS-box genes. In papaya, female flowers and imperfect hermaphrodite flowers are often observed on hermaphrodite plants and led to malformation of papaya fruits. In addition, bisexual flowers could also appear on male plants and set fruits.

並列關鍵字

Carica papaya ； floral organ identity gene ； MADS box gene ； floral sex expression ； plant sex determination

國際替代計量

番木瓜植株性別決定與花器變動

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