設計的視覺模糊：模糊程度對設計構想與詮釋之影響

本文主要針對設計師在手繪過程中產生的視覺模糊屬性，來探討圖形的模糊程度對設計師進行構想發展及設計詮釋的影響，以及專業及生手間之差異。設計初期的構想草圖，具有濃厚、模糊、不完整的輪廓的視覺屬性，它們所隱含的概念意義是模糊的、多重的且具有多種可能性，而這些在視覺上所呈現的不確定、模糊屬性，可能正是激起設計創意的非預期發現與新詮釋的關鍵。實驗結果發現模糊圖形的程度，在兩種模糊執行任務上，均對專家受測者的構想發展數量有顯著的影響，但對生手則無顯著的差異；模糊圖形程度越高，專家在構想數量越多，生手則相反，在低度模糊圖形上有很好的表現。在設計詮釋上，專家與生手產生的詮釋，大部分均受到呈現圖片的造型因素影響；同樣的專家在高度模糊圖形任務時，產生的詮釋也最多，而且在造型引發新意義機能上，專家受測者的詮釋數量顯著的超越生手受測者。因此模糊圖形所帶來的認知的不確定，確實能為它的創作者激發新的資訊來源，尋求新的替代資訊，以降低這些視覺符號帶來的不確定感。而且模糊性越高，相對的使設計發展保有更多的靈活性，及多元的創意類型，設計者能有更多的水平的思考轉換及詮釋，不致在問題解決或創意發展中過早的停滯不動。

關鍵字

模糊圖形；專家與生手；詮釋；構想手繪

並列摘要

This paper, mainly focusing on the visual ambiguous properties being produced by designers during ideation sketching, explores how the degree of ambiguous figures affects designers' idea and interpretation during design development, and investigates the difference between experts and novices. The study proposed that the conceptual sketches containing vague, incomplete, and ambiguous visual properties, might be the fundamental elements for design ideas to provoke unexpected discovery and new interpretation. The results showed that in both ambiguous tasks, the degree of ambiguous sketches is significantly influenced the quantities of idea development of experts, but without any significant difference founded in novices. The higher the degree of ambiguous figures was presented, the more quantities of ideas had been created by experts; yet, novices produced more ideas in executing the lowest ambiguous figure task. During designing development, the majority of design interpretation created by both experts and novices were affected by the presented geometric contour of figures. Similarly, when executing the highest degree of ambiguous figure tasks, experts produced more interpretations than when they did the medium and the lowest ambiguous figure tasks. In the new meaning simulated by geometric contour, experts produced significantly more quantities than novices. As a result, the cognitive uncertainty, aroused by ambiguous figures, could stimulate the resource of novel information for its creator in order to decrease the uncertain sense of those visual symbols. The higher degree of ambiguity in figures could make designing development keep flexibility and numerous categories of creativity, and consequently, it allows designers to retain further horizontal thinking transformation and interpretation, and to avoid premature problem solution and creative concept.

並列關鍵字

ambiguous figure ； expert and novice ； interpretation ； idea sketching

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