高雄市國民住宅之發展脈絡與供給特性

七○年代初期開始，政府陸續推動階段性經濟建設計畫，並開始重視健全都市發展；爾後政府於1975年頒布「國民住宅條例」，促使政府對國民住宅之供給態度由消極轉趨積極。1979年高雄市升格為直轄市後，並成立「高雄市國民住宅處」，直至2003年高雄市國民住宅處正式廢除，而併入都市發展局。本研究屬一系列之研究，前稿已陸續針對近三十年台北市國民住宅與民間集合住宅之供給特性與發展脈絡做一詳盡的比較分析。因此，本研究透過高雄市建管處所列管之資料，繼續針對台灣第二大都市高雄市之國民住宅，試圖從「時間軸」、「區域性」、「基地規模」等研究視點，對國民住宅的「供給特性」做深入交叉分析，藉此瞭解高雄市國民住宅之建築計畫的發展脈絡與供給特性，其研究成果將作為今後規劃都市型集合住宅之建築計畫的重要參考。研究結果得知，高雄市國宅近四十年來，其供給案例呈現〔小規模‧多件數〕之供給傾向，同時並朝向低戶數、住棟少量化及低樓層之供給特性。從基地面積分析發現，各項供給指標中，其總戶數、樓地板面積、棟數、樓層數，以及每戶面積皆隨基地規模擴大而成長。就歷年各行政區之供給分佈方面，早期以中心部及鄰近之行政區的供給為主，爾後，因受政府決策及土地取得等因素影響，使得國宅供給分佈開始朝周邊部發展。此外，越接近中心部則越傾向高層化、少棟數與低建蔽率之供給特性。

關鍵字

國民住宅；供給特性；建築計畫；區域性；高雄市

並列摘要

From 1981, the government has been carrying out the several stages of economic plans in succession, and started to function the Urban Development Bureau as well. The government published ”Public Housing Act” and changed its attitude about the supply of public housing from the negative to the positive in 1975. ”The Public Housing of Kaohsiung City” was therefore established since Kaohsiung City became a municipality. Till 2003, the Public Housing organization of Kaohsiung City was abolished and was amalgamated with the Development of City.This is a series of research and it has focused on the detailed analysis that compared the momentum in supply and the evolution of the public housing with private dwelling in Taipei City in the recent thirty years. Therefore, based on the data from the Wine Club, we will keep focusing on the public housing in Kaohsiung City, the second biggest city of Taiwan, to discuss the momentum in supply and architectural planning. The research aims to conduct from the aspect of ”time frame”, ”regionalism”, and ”site size” to analyze ”momentum in supply” of public housing in order to understand the characters of the supply and the evolution of space constitutions of public building in Kaohsiung City. Architectural planning of multistory apartment buildings in cities in southern Taiwan could refer to the conclusion of this research in the future.We have the result form the research that the supply of public housing in Kaohsiung City over the last forty years reveals the trends of a small scale but more cases, as well as of less householder, less dwelling unit and low floor. We also discover from the supply indicators that the total number of householder, the floor area, the number of building, storey and total area of each householder have all increased according to the expansion of the site area. From the supply distribution on different government administrative districts, the earlier main supply scattered on the central and nearby area of this districts; it spreads afterwards over the developing zone around the districts. Besides, the closer to the central the more tendency of high-rise but less building and low building coverage ratio.