海峽兩岸空間領域通用設計之系統性文獻回顧

Cross Strait Systematic Literature Review of ＂Universal Design＂ in the Field of Spatial Design

李佳(Arthur Lee) ； 倪晶瑋(Jin-Wei Nie)

《設計學研究》 23卷2期 (2020/12) Pp. 1-32

https://doi.org/10.30105/JDS.202012_23(2).0001

摘要

隨著全球人口持續老化和社會融合不斷地被重視，「通用設計」成為近些年來設計學研究主題之一。本文主要採用「系統性文獻回顧」的方法，對台灣地區和中國大陸近20年來，「通用設計」引入空間設計研究的期刊文獻進行研究。研究發現：（1）海峽兩岸在相關研究中所涵蓋的領域，朝向更具針對性和多元化的方向發展，並且存在較强的互補性；但是，仍有許多空間設計的專業領域，尚有待被開拓；（2）台灣地區的相關研究中，歷經從引入階段，到以公共空間設計為主，再到以住宅空間設計為主的三段式發展。中國大陸在此領域的研究，經歷了引入期、擴大期和深入期的三段式發展；但是，與台灣地區相比，「通用設計」一直沒有被完全確立為研究的主體，理論研究深度相對有所欠缺；（3）海峽兩岸在相關研究中，所採用的研究方法，均經歷了從由少到多、由簡單到複雜、由重規範研究到重實證研究的發展過程；但是，中國大陸的研究方法在研究多樣性、創新性方面，與台灣地區相比有所不足。研究還發現，海峽兩岸的相關研究大多為質性研究，有待進一步擴展。

關鍵字

通用設計 ； 空間設計 ； 系統性文獻回顧 ； VOSviewer ； 海峽兩岸

並列摘要

With the aging global population and the increasing level of attention given to social inclusion, ＂universal design＂ has become a popular research topic in recent years. This study systematically reviewed and analyzed journal articles that introduced spatial design research via ＂universal design＂ in Cross Strait over the past 20 years. Major findings are summarized as follows: (1) The fields covered by the relevant studies in Cross-Strait have developed towards a more empirical, targeted and diversified direction, and there are strong complementarities. (2) Taiwan has witnessed three stages of evolution in this field's research: introduction, public spatial design research, and private spatial design research. The Chinese mainland has witnessed three-stage of evolution in this field's research：introduction period, expansion period，and in-depth period. However, compared with Taiwan, ＂universal design＂ has not been fully established as the research subject, with the theoretical research yet to be further investigated. (3) The methods of research in Cross-Strait have both transformed from less to more, simple to complex, and normative to empirical. However, the research methods of Chinese mainland are inferior to those of Taiwan in terms of research diversity and innovation. The study also found that the vast majority of research in Cross-Strait remains qualitative and needs to be further expanded.

並列關鍵字

Universal Design ； Spatial Design ； Systematic Review ； VOSviewer ； Cross-Strait

參考文獻

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Bank-Mikkelsen, N. E. (1969), A metropolitan area in Denmark: Copenhagen, in Kugel, R. and Wolfensberger, W. (Eds.), Changing patterns in residential services for the mentally retarded , pp. 227-254, Washington, DC: President@@$$s Commission on Mental Retardation.

Bringolf, J. (2008), Universal design: is it accessible?, Multi: The Journal of Plurality and Diversity in Design, 1(2) , pp. 45-52.

Connell, B. R., Jones, M. L., Mace, R. L., Mueller, J. L., Mullick, A., Ostroff, E., Sanford, J., et al. (1997), The Principles of Universal Design, Version 2.0, Raleigh, N.C.: Center for Universal Design.

D’souza, N. (2004), Is universal design a critical theory?, in KEATES, S., CLARKSON, J., LANGDON, P. & ROBINSON, P. (Eds.), Designing a more inclusive world , pp. 3-9, London: Springer.