地方自治中的立法型與政策型住民投票之探討－日本與我國法之比較

日本地方自治中的住民投票，概念上相當於我國的地方性公民投票。關於立法與政策，以法律創設不具法的拘束力之諮詢型住民投票制度，此從法的觀點而言，應不成問題。由於憲法至少是在縣（市）層次對直接民主係採開放、認許的立場，故而在憲法未明文禁止下，以法律創設具法的拘束力之住民投票制度，亦應屬合憲。我國現行法制雖較日本法制更為實踐住民自治原則而已建構地方性公民投票制度，但內涵上仍存在諸多缺失，亟待改進。至於住民投票的地方條例化，地方自治體應僅能在法律下行使條例制定權，欠缺法律上的根據而跳躍地直接適用憲法對住民自治的規定，此從地方自治的間接民主制之憲法要求、國會立法權的憲法授權之權力分立原則、法位階秩序論理等觀之，在憲法與法律的解釋上實難謂其合憲、合法。

關鍵字

地方自治；住民投票；住民自治；直接民主；間接民主

並列摘要

Local referendum in japanese local autonomy is similar to the taiwanese local referendum. Regarding legislation and policy, a voting system that is created by the law but without binding power should be appropriate from the constitution point of view; since the constitution grants direct democracy, under not being specifically prohibited in constitution law, a binding voting system should also be appropriate. Although the taiwanese legal system is more practical than the japanese system in autonomy by creating residential referendum, the intentions and thoughtfulness of the system still needs to be improved. Local regulations should only be established in accordance with the law and constitution. There is no legal basis that directly applied the constitution to resident autonomy. Therefore, it is hardly in accordance with the constitution and legislation and is contrary to the spirit of constitutional indirect democracy, separation of powers, and the order of the law.