女性大專排球選手發球表現之相關因子

Investigation of Factors Contributing to Serving Performance in Female College Volleyball Players

陳怡如(Yi-Ju Chen) ； 施怡芬(Yi-Fen Shih)

《物理治療》 40卷1期 (2015/03) Pp. 27-36

https://doi.org/10.6215/FJPT.PTS1417497841

摘要

背景與目的：排球比賽中發球為一個相當重要的技術，可以有效的得分或是破壞對手的進攻組合。根據先前的研究顯示，比賽層級越高、身高越高，皮褶厚度越厚者其發球球速就越高。也有些研究證實了體重與比賽位置是與球速有相關性的。然而不同的比賽等級間生理特性與肌肉表現的差異以及生理特性、肌肉表現對於發球表現間的影響仍未被釐清。本研究目的在於了解女性大專排球選手其排球發球表現的生理特性及肌肉表現影響因子。方法：本實驗從大專院校排球代表隊共收取33名女性大專排球選手，紀錄其性別、身高、體重、訓練時數、比賽經驗以及比賽位置，同時也測量其肩、肘關節及軀幹之活動度、柔軟度、等長肌力以及藥球投擲測試。並記錄發球之球速與控制落地點之能力。統計分析：使用獨立ｔ檢定分析球速高與球速低組間與落地點控制能力佳與不佳組間的可能相關因子，組間差異p值小於0.1的因子再進入線性迴歸分別分析影響發球球速及控制落地點能力之影響因子。結果：研究結果顯示，體保女子組的身高、體重與發球球速、球齡顯著高於非體保女子組；體保女子組在前鋸肌肌力、軀幹伸直、軀幹向左旋轉肌力與藥球丟擲距離皆大於非體保女子組。肩屈曲關節活動度體保女子組顯著的小於非體保女子。線性迴歸分析顯示，藥球丟擲距離越遠者，發球球速越高（R^2=0.335, p=0.001）；球齡越長者，控制落地點能力越佳（R^2=0.130, p=0.043）。結論與臨床意義：本研究篩選出發球球速之顯著影響因子為藥球丟擲距離；控制發球落地點之顯著影響因子為球齡。不過仍須未來研究檢驗丟擲藥球的訓練效果，方能帶給排球訓練一個新的思考方向。

關鍵字

排球 ； 發球 ； 肌肉表現 ； 相關因子

並列摘要

Background and purpose: Volleyball serve plays an important role in volleyball games. Previous research identified some factors relating to serve performance, such as body weight and in-game role. However, the relationship between the muscular and physiological factors and the serving performance is still unclear. We therefore designed this study to examine the possible contributing factors to serving performance in female collegiate volleyball players. Methods: Thirty three collegiate volleyball players were recruited from northern Taiwan. Basic data including gender, height, weight, training duration, in-game role, and duration of participating volleyball competition were recorded. The range of joint movement (ROM), flexibility, and isometric muscle strength of the trunk, shoulder, and elbow joints were assessed. Velocity and accuracy of their volleyball serving were also measured. Statistical Analysis: We divided players into the high serving speed group and low serving speed group; and into accurate serving group and non-accurate serving group. The independent t test was used to identify potential contributing factors between the two groups. Variables that showed a group difference at p＜0.1 entered into a stepwise linear regressions analysis to establish the prediction model for serve performance. The statistical significant levels were set at α＜0.05. Results: Our data showed that those female college volleyball players from the sports major program were significantly taller, heavier, could serve faster, had participated in volleyball for longer and could throw further; these players also had greater muscle strength of serratus anterior, trunk extensors and left rotators. However, players with a sports major were limited in shoulder flexion and internal rotation. The regression analyses showed that throwing distance significantly correlated with serving speed (R^2=0.335, p=0.001) whetheras duration of volleyball participation was related to the serving accuracy (R^2=0.130, p=0.043). Conclusion and Clinical Relevance: Our study found throwing distance and experience of volleyball participation had an influence on the volleyball serving performance. Whether or not training could improve the serving performance needs further investigation.

並列關鍵字

Volleyball ； Serve ； Muscle performance ； Contributing factors