空手道不同站立法對撞擊和逆擊打擊時間之影響研究

空手道之手部攻擊動作涵蓋許多手法，而其中之撞擊和逆擊的手部動作，是空手道對打動作時最常被使用的攻擊動作。空手道選手如欲在最短的時間內打擊至目標或對手，需有適當的站立姿勢配合。本研究以二十四名受測者探討不同站立法，其下肢提供的動量及推蹬力對打擊訊號開始時間至目標靶時間的影響。本研究採用相依樣本二因子變異數分析和線性回歸來分析實驗數據，結果顯示站立法對打擊時間的差異有顯著性的影響，在不同站立法（七三或五五站立法）和不同攻擊動作（撞擊、逆擊）中，當下肢提供的動量及推蹬力愈大時，打擊訊號開始到打擊至目標靶之時間則愈短。實驗測得之打擊時間與以牛頓運動力學計算之結果理論相符合，唯逆擊時因配合轉腰動作，故其產生之動量較大，但因相對於撞擊時其手部行經的距離較遠，因此撞擊所需的時間較短。在進行撞擊和逆擊測試時，七三站立法比五五站立法能以較短之時間打擊至目標靶，當採用七三站立法時，撞擊比逆擊能以較短之時間打擊至目標。在採用五五站立法時，撞擊與逆擊在打擊至目標時間則無顯著差異。本研究結果可供教練及選手在訓練空手道對打動作時之參考。

關鍵字

空手道；撞擊；逆擊；七三站立法；五五站立法

並列摘要

Jab and reverse punch are the two most commonly used techniques in an attack during karate hand movements. In order to hit a target in the shortest time possible, an appropriate stance is an important factor. The primary goal of this study is to investigate the effect of various stances of karate on attack-time during the movements of jab and reverse punch by examining the data of momentum and reaction force from 24 testers. A two-way ANOVA and a linear regression method are used to analyze the data collected from the experiments. The results show the stance is the primary factor affecting the attack-time and the larger the momentum generated by the tester, the shorter the attack- time for both jab and reverse punch. The estimated attack-time based on Newton's second law of motion is in the same order of experimental findings. In a reverse punch movement, the momentum generated is usually greater than that of a jab due to the motion of rotating trunk. However, the travel distance of the fist in a reverse punch is far more greater than of a jab, the time required for the jab is thus shorter in a frontal attack. Compare with 5:5 stance, 7:3 stance has shorter attack time in the randomized paired comparison analysis. And the jab is a faster action than the reverse punch in 7:3 stance. Furthermore, there is no statistical difference in timing for jab and reverse punch in 5:5 stances. The results presented in this study should be useful for the coaches and competitors in their karate trainings.