為國運動：1990年代之前的臺灣女性休閒運動論述

本研究以批判論述分析，目的是建構1990年代之前臺灣女性休閒運動論述。分析結果得知：國民黨政府自1940年代提出「全民體育」政策，訴諸愛國主義。1980年代「全民運動」概念逐漸取代「全民體育」的論述，健康與運動緊密連結，但由國家推動，強調國族主義的相關論述中，「健康」尚未是個體運動的最終目標，透過「國民健康」來達至「強國」仍是政策的終極目標。在此同時，對於臺灣女性身體勞務的新期許與規範被產製出來，雖將女性納入運動領域，但仍受限傳統兩性分工與性別規範。吸引女性從事運動的論述，除了泛道德式的鼓舞外，混成美麗迷思與健康主義的論述在大眾媒體中與消費主義文本大量再生產。本文結論為：1990年代之前，為國、愛國的運動倡導，是全民體育／運動論述的主調。運動與健康以超驗、本質的關係相連。女人逐漸被再現為休閒運動的重要消費者，其實踐與女性身體、女性氣質密切連結。

關鍵字

批判論述分析；全民運動；國族主義；健康主義；消費主義

並列摘要

This research aims to adopt critical discourse analysis to investigate the discourse of leisure-time exercise from the 1940s to the 1990s. Results indicate that the patriotic ＂physical education (PE) for all＂ policy of the Kuomintang (KMT) government was launched in the 1940s. In the 1980s, the idea of ＂sports for all＂ was gradually phased out in favor of ＂PE for all.＂ Taiwanese citizens were encouraged to participate in leisure-time exercise as a patriotic duty. Achieving good health was still not the ultimate or individualistic goal of leisure-time exercise for Taiwanese, amid the mainstream ideology of nationalism. In the same era, new forms of gendered expectations and disciplines were created. Despite attracting women into the realm of exercise, the traditional gender norms and division of labor were still prominent. In addition to this moralistic propaganda, discourses that drew women into exercise also mixed themselves with the beauty myth and healthism. These were disseminated in mass media in the context of consumerism. This study concludes that before the 1990s, nationalism and collectivism were still the main discourses of women's leisure-time exercise. Exercise and health are connected in a transcendental and essential relationship. Taiwanese women are gradually emerging as important consumers of leisure sports, and their practice is closely linked to the female body and femininity.

並列關鍵字

critical discourse analysis ； sports for all ； nationalism ； healthism ； consumerism

參考文獻

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為國運動：1990年代之前的臺灣女性休閒運動論述

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