大學各學院新生健康體適能及健康風險之差異

Differences in Health-Related Fitness and Health Risks of College Freshmen From Various Academic Disciplines

李茵(Yin Lee) ； 王秀瑾(Hsiu-Chin Wang) ； 林彥廷(Yen-Ting Lin) ； 陳怡如(I-Ju Chen) ； 蔡美文(Mei-Wun Tsai)

《大專體育學刊》 23卷4期 (2021/12) Pp. 434-449

https://doi.org/10.5297/ser.202112_23(4).0007

摘要

本研究目的在探討大學各學院新生健康體適能之差異及落後學生分布情形。本文利用描述性次級資料分析研究，分析2,209筆大學新生健康體適能資料，以單因子變異量分析、卡方檢定與風險勝算比檢視各學院之間各項健康體適能平均表現水準與落後學生分布情形。研究結果指出：與全國體適能常模比較，該校心肺適能平均表現水準最差，屬全國常模47百分位且落後比率有52.4%；與相對表現最佳的醫學暨健康學院比較，人文社會學院與創意設計學院女生較落後，相對勝算比分別為2.40及1.87倍。學院之間比較，發現人文社會學院男、女生肌力與肌耐力平均水準皆顯著較差，有50.2～58.7%落後且相對勝算比達2.11～2.50倍。男新生之間比較，發現人文社會學院柔軟度平均水準雖與其他學院表現沒有顯著差異，但卻有69.6%落後且相對勝算比達2.20倍。女新生之間比較，發現管理學院柔軟度平均水準顯著較差，有51.1%落後且相對勝算比達1.55倍。學院之間比較，創意設計學院女生下肢瞬發力平均水準沒有顯著較差，但卻有51.0%落後且相對勝算比達1.48倍。本研究結論：各學院之間新生健康體適能有顯著性差異，此差異性主要來自肌肉適能表現，在女新生尤其明顯。建議體育課程規劃可應用健康體適能落後分布的結果來瞭解不同學院的特性及健康風險，以適當地選擇健康促進項目，達到均衡發展之目的。

關鍵字

次級資料分析 ； 風險勝算比 ； 心肺適能 ； 肌肉適能 ； 健康促進

並列摘要

The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences in health-related fitness (HRF) of college freshmen from various academic disciplines academies and the proportion of drop-behind students. We extracted HRF data from 2,209 college freshmen and used the descriptive secondary data analysis. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Chi-square test and odds ratio (OR) were employed to analyze the HRF level and proportion of drop-behind students from various academies. The results showed that the cardiorespiratory fitness had the lowest average HRF level and a drop-behind proportion of 52.4%. Among the students, females from the humanities and social sciences, and the creative design disciplines were much lower with ORs of 2.40 and 1.87 times, respectively compared with the students from medical and health disciplines. Among various academic disciplines, the average HRF level of muscular strength and endurance was significantly lower in both male and female students from the humanities and social sciences academy, with drop-behind proportions between 50.2% to 58.7% and ORs between 2.11 to 2.50 times. The average HRF level of flexibility of male freshmen from humanities and social sciences academy was not significantly different from the other academies, with a drop-behind proportion of 69.6% and an OR of 2.20 times. The average HRF level of flexibility of female students from management academic discipline was significantly lower with a 51.1% drop-behind proportion and an OR of 1.55 times. The average HRF level of explosive strength of those in the creative design academy was not significantly different from the other academies, with a drop-behind proportion of 51.0% and an OR of 1.48 times. Conclusively, there was a significant difference in HRF levels of freshmen from various academic disciplines. The difference mainly resulted from the muscular fitness, especially of female students. It is suggested that the physical education curriculum planning could utilize the HRF drop-behind proportion to understand the academy characteristics and health risks, and to select appropriate health promotion activities to achieve the goal of balanced development.

並列關鍵字

secondary data analysis ； odds ratio ； cardiorespiratory fitness ； muscular fitness ； health promotion

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