急速減重對拔河運動員身體組成與運動表現之影響

急速減重在拔河運動員中相當普遍，儘管可能因此獲得競賽上的優勢，但急速減重對於比賽期專項運動能力之影響仍不十分清楚。本研究旨在探討拔河運動員賽前急速減重對比賽期與賽後恢復期身體組成及專項運動能力之影響。實驗招募10名頂尖拔河運動員，賽前3週開始急速減重，於急速減重前、比賽期、賽後3天、賽後1週與賽後1個月共5個時間點檢測身體組成與運動表現。身體組成指標包含體重、體脂肪百分比、肌肉重與脂肪重；運動表現包含深蹲、硬舉、引體向上與吊繩。研究結果顯示：拔河選手急速減重3週後使得肌肉重、脂肪重與體脂肪百分比皆顯著下降，因此造成總體重減少9.8±0.8%，然而在減重後也同時伴隨比賽期拔河相關運動表現的下降（深蹲下降、硬舉下降與引體向上減少），但吊繩持續時間則無顯著變化。本研究結論為急速減重導致拔河專項運動能力於比賽期顯著下降之情況可於賽後3天恢復，而體重與脂肪重下降的情況在賽後1個月仍未恢復。

關鍵字

專項運動能力；深蹲；硬舉；引體向上；吊繩

並列摘要

Rapid weight loss is commonly practiced among tug of war athletes. Although it seems to help them get a competitive advantage, there are some concerns regarding the influence of rapid weight loss on changes in sport-specific skills. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of rapid weight loss on body composition and performance of tug of war athletes during and after the competition. Ten elite tug of war athletes were recruited for this study. Rapid weight loss program was implemented 3 weeks before the weigh-in. Body composition (i.e., body weight, body fat (%), muscle mass, and fat mass) and sport performance (i.e., squat, deadlift, pull-up, slings) were measured 5 times, including 3 weeks before the weigh-in (pre-test), on the weigh-in day, three days after the weigh-in, one week after the weigh-in, and one month after the weigh-in. The results showed that body weight of participants was significantly decreased (9.8 ± 0.8%) along with decreased muscle mass, fat mass, and body fat percentage after 3 weeks of rapid weight loss program. A decline in sports performance, including squat, deadlift, and pull-up was also found, while the effect was not shown in slings. We conclude that the declined sport-specific skills would recover 3 days after the competition, whereas the body weight and fat mass may not recover even one month after the competition.

並列關鍵字

sport-specific skills ； squat ； deadlift ； pull-up ； sling

參考文獻

Lin, Y.-T., Kuo, C.-H., & Chen, Y.-C. (2016). Differences in force gradation between tug-of-war athletes and non-athletes during rhythmic force tracking at high exertion levels. The Chinese Journal of Physiology, 59(5), 260-267. doi:10.4077/CJP.2016.BAE411

Artioli, G. G., Saunders, B., Iglesias, R. T., & Franchini, E. (2016). It is time to ban rapid weight loss from combat sports. Sports Medicine, 46(11), 1579-1584. doi:10.1007/s40279-016-0541-x

Barley, O. R., Chapman, D. W., & Abbiss, C. R. (2018). Weight loss strategies in combat sports and concerning habits in mixed martial arts. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 13(7), 933-939. doi:10.1123/ijspp.2017-0715

Barley, O. R., Chapman, D. W., Blazevich, A. J., & Abbiss, C. R. (2018). Acute dehydration impairs endurance without modulating neuromuscular function. Frontiers in Physiology, 9(1562). doi:10.3389/fphys.2018.01562

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急速減重對拔河運動員身體組成與運動表現之影響

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