不同介質對火鶴花切花生產之影響

Effects of Growth Medium on the Growth and Development of Anthurium andraeanum Lind., Cultivated for Cut Flower Production

張耿衡(Keng-Heng Chang) ； 吳容儀(Rung-Yi Wu) ； 鍾仁賜(Ren-Shih Chung)

《臺灣農業化學與食品科學》 49卷4期 (2011/08) Pp. 185-194

https://doi.org/10.6578/TJACFS.2011.022

摘要

早期臺灣栽培火鶴花以玉米穗軸、稻殼、蔗渣、木屑及碎石為主要介質。其中碎石之保水保肥性不佳，其他有機資材介質，經長期使用，易分解崩裂，導致理化特性改變。椰纖由於價廉、環保及易取得的特性，在全球商業栽培介質上，極具重要性，且經常被使用。臺灣火鶴切花生產者，亦逐漸使用椰纖為栽培介質。目前並無椰纖應用於臺灣火鶴切花生產的相關研究，栽培者對椰纖之理化特性及其生產效益，仍不清楚。此外，椰纖大小不同，如與細椰纖或人造纖維混合，是否可適當提升椰纖保水及保肥力，進而提升栽培效益，亦不清楚。本研究之目的在探討中椰纖、中椰纖混合細椰纖（體積比1：1）、中椰纖混合人造纖維（體積比1：1）及人造纖維等介質，應用於臺灣火鶴切花栽培生產之效益。以此四種介質栽培火鶴花‘丘比特’品種 （Anthurium andreanum Lind. 'Tropical'），進行二年期之試驗，評估其對火鶴花生育及產量之影響。試驗結果顯示，栽培使用前及經二年栽培後，人造纖維介質之pH值接近中性，導電度（EC）值最低，吸水及保水能力則最高。而以中椰纖、中椰纖混合細椰纖及中椰纖混合人造纖維等介質栽培之火鶴花，植株乾重、葉片生長、切花產量與苞片大小，皆大於人造纖維介質栽培者。人造纖維介質栽培效果較差之原因，是因其陽離子交換容量低，保肥及緩衝能力較差。此外，人造纖維之高保水特性，及經灌溉吸水後，使得體積收縮，降低介質通氣程度，乾燥狀態之介質結構，無法吸收所提供之水分，進而影響火鶴花植株之生長。因此，與人造纖維比，中椰纖、中椰纖混合細椰纖及中椰纖混合人造纖維較適合作為臺灣火鶴切花生產系統之栽培介質。

關鍵字

無土栽培 ； 養液 ； 椰纖 ； 人造纖維

並列摘要

The corn cobs, rice hulls, bagasse, sawdust, and gravels have been used as a medium in the traditional cultivation of Anthurium in Taiwan for cut flower production. The water and nutrient holding capacities of the gravel are poor. The physical and chemical properties of the organic media are unstable after long period of cultivation due to its decomposable properties. Coir is an important substrate for economical horticultural cultivation, and is used around the world due to its availability, low cost, and environmental friendly characteristics. Middle size coir is now used as a medium in the cultivation of Anthurium in Taiwan. However, no information is available concerning the physical and chemical properties and the efficiency of middle size coir used in cultivation of Anthurium for cut flower production. In addition, the water and nutrient holding capacities and the efficiency of middle size coir mixed with fine size coir or middle size coir mixed with artificial textile fibers are not clear. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of growth medium on the growth and yield of Anthurium andraeanum Lind. ”Tropical”. Four media were used, including middle size coir, middle size coir mixed with fine size coir, middle size coir mixed with artificial textile fibers, and artificial textile fibers. The results showed that artificial textile fibers were neutral in reaction with much higher water holding capacity compared with the other media before and after the cultivation. The growth and yield of plants cultivated in the middle size coir, middle size coir mixed with fine size coir, and middle size coir mixed with artificial textile fiber were superior to that cultivated in the artificial textile fibers. The retarded growth of plants cultivated in the artificial textile fiber was due to the poor aeration in the rhizosphere. In summary, middle size coir or middle size coir mixed with fine size coir or middle size coir mixed with artificial textile fiber were better media for the cultivation of Anthurium for the cut flower compared with the artificial textile fibers.

並列關鍵字

Soilless cultivation ； Nutrient solution ； Coir ； Artificial textile fiber