圖文顯影－“戲單”史料的解構與重整

Playbill-Dissemination and Reconstruction of Historical Data

蔡欣欣(Xin-Xin Cai)

《臺灣戲專學刊》 11期 (2005/07) Pp. 111-179

https://doi.org/10.7021/PAJ.200507.0111

摘要

作者使用「三重證據法」的研究方法，從史料、報導和口述歷史三方，將「戲單」一詞解構再重整，賦予更完整的價值意義。首先從古代文獻史料、文學作品中曾提到戲單的片段文字，整理出戲單有宣傳、供觀眾點戲以及說明演出內容等功能。其次圖文鏡像部分，分析目前可得最早的清宣統時期戲單，其式樣為純文字或是文字與圖像，戲單基本上都會記載演出地點、時間、演員陣容等訊息，可以見到早期戲單在實際應用上的表現形式。台灣戲單的史料復原章節，作者參考日治時期的報刊資料如台灣日日新報、中華日報等，梳理出台灣戲單除仿造內地的戲單印製外，也提供了中國戲班和本土戲班研究史料，甚至還有折扣票、入場預售票等附加功能；此外經過個別解讀、並排比較各戲單，再參考戲班的口述歷史資料後，可看出本土戲班聚合離散的歷史脈絡。作者把日治時期和光復後的戲單做一比較，發現日治時期的戲單較重「演出劇目」和「演員陣容」的文字說明，光復後的戲單特色是「演員劇照」勝過文字，主打明星效應。最後總結戲單的歷史價值，從印製設計的時代變化可顯示流行文化擅場，從戲單上的資訊，可得到劇院史、優伶生命史、劇本創作人才、劇藝特色及舞台美術等的方面的珍貴史料，進而肯定戲單具有一定的歷史文化價值。

關鍵字

戲單 ； 台灣戲班生命史 ； 三重證據法 ； 戲劇宣傳

並列摘要

The author uses historical data, reports, and oral biographies to disseminate and reconstruct a complete background and understanding of the history of playbill. First, a study of playbill mentioned in ancient historical texts and works of arts showed that playbill was used to advertise, list and explain the opera to the audiences. The essay included a playbill from the Qing Dynasty, which usually consist of only text or a mixture of text and pictures. Old playbills usually listed the venue, time and the performers in the opera, illustrating its early practical applications. The essay will also discuss about Taiwanese playbills that was published on newspapers during the Japanese colonial period. The Taiwanese playbills imitated the playbills on the Mainland but also offered unique features such as coupons and pre-sold tickets. A deeper analysis and comparison of the playbills during this era coupled with biographical data from the performance troupes helped us understand the history of the individual troupes during that time. A comparison of playbills before World War Ⅱ and after showed that playbills during the Japanese colonial period placed stronger emphasis on descriptive text while the playbills from the later period placed more emphasis on graphics, stressing on the photos of star performers. Lastly, the playbill's historical significance goes far beyond just the history of opera but it also gives us a glimpse into theater history, performer history, playwright history, and arts in stage setup.

並列關鍵字

Playbill ； History of Taiwanese Opera Troupes ； Advertising in Opera

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